Ƙirƙirar karafa masu rufaffiyar tutiya yana gabatar da ƙalubale na gama gari a duk masana'antar kera. Walda Galvanized Karfe yana yiwuwa gaba ɗaya. Yin haka ba tare da ingantattun ka'idoji ba, duk da haka, yana yin illa sosai ga amincin tsari da amincin ma'aikaci. Welders suna fuskantar waɗannan hadaddun hulɗar kayan aiki kowace rana. Kula da kayan aikin da aka lulluɓe da tutiya daidai kamar ƙarancin ƙarfe na carbon zai haifar da gazawar binciken tsarin. Har ila yau yana haifar da lalacewa mai sauri, wanda ba za a iya kaucewa ba a cikin Yankin da ke fama da zafi (HAZ). Bugu da ƙari kuma, kona zinc yana haifar da yanayi mai haɗari mai haɗari. Tushen ƙarfe mai guba yana haifar da babban alhaki ga kowane kasuwancin ƙirƙira. Muna ba da ƙayyadaddun tsari na tushen shaida don kimanta lokacin da yadda ake walda waɗannan kayan da kyau. Za ku koyi hanyoyi masu amfani don rage munanan lahani na ƙarfe da kare ƙungiyar ku. Muna kuma rufe ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin yarda da ake buƙata don kiyaye juriyar lalata na dogon lokaci a ginin ku na ƙarshe.
K
Yiwuwa: Ƙarfe na Galvanized za a iya welded, muddin an cire murfin tutiya gaba ɗaya daga yankin weld kafin a buga baka.
Rigakafin Lalacewa: Rashin cire zinc yana haifar da matsanancin walƙiya mai ƙarfi, haɗawa, da fashewar tsaka-tsaki saboda ɗimbin bambanci a wuraren narkewa tsakanin zinc da ƙarfe.
Mahimmancin Tsaro: Tushen zinc yana haifar da hayaki mai guba sosai. PPE da ya dace da samun iskar shaka ba su da alaƙa da buƙatun doka da kiwon lafiya.
Yarda da Bayan-Weld: Welding yana lalata Layer zinc mai karewa; ƙirƙira nasara yana buƙatar sabuntawa bayan walda daidai da ka'idodin ASTM A 780.
Haƙiƙanin Ƙarfe na Welding Galvanized Karfe
Fahimtar ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na gazawa shine tushen ginshiƙin ƙirƙira mai aminci. Zinc yana tafasa kuma yana yin tururi a kusan 420°C (900°F). Karfe, akasin haka, yana narkewa a kusan 1500°C (2700°F). Wannan babban gibin zafin jiki yana haifar da babban ƙalubalen injiniya. Ba za ku iya narke duka karafa a lokaci ɗaya cikin kwanciyar hankali ba.
Idan an naɗe shi kai tsaye, zinc ɗin yana vaporize nan take a ƙarƙashin baka. Ya zama tarko a cikin narkakkar kududdufin karfe yayin da kududdufin ya karu da sauri. Wannan iskar gas yana haifar da porosity mai yawa. Hakanan yana haifar da haɗawa da ƙarancin haɗuwa mai haɗari. Weld mai cike da aljihu na gas ba zai iya ɗaukar nauyin tsari mai nauyi ba.
Bayanan masana'antu yana nuna kyakkyawar hanya ta gaba don amincin tsarin. Lokacin da aka shirya da kyau ta hanyar cire zinc gaba ɗaya, ƙarfin gajiya ya kasance cikakke. Karya tauri na haɗin gwiwa mai tsabta daidai yake da ƙarfe mara rufi. Ba za ku rasa aikin injiniya ba idan kun bi tsauraran ka'idojin shirye-shirye.
Fatsin shigar Zinc ya kasance babban haɗari yayin ƙirƙira. Liquid zinc na iya shiga iyakokin hatsi na ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfe mai ƙarfi. Muna magance wannan takamaiman matsalar injiniya ta amfani da ƙananan siliki ko rutile na lantarki. Rike abun ciki na silicon ƙasa da 0.2 Si don rage haɗarin fashewa yadda ya kamata.
Yanayin Abu |
Risk Porosity Weld |
Factor Risk Factor |
Sakamakon Tsari Tsari |
Bare Carbon Karfe |
Ƙananan |
Ƙananan |
Matsayin Baseline |
Tufafin Zinc mara shiri |
Matukar Maɗaukaki |
High (Zinc Penetration) |
Mai Tsanani Mai Tsanani |
Cire haɗin gwiwa yadda ya kamata |
Ƙananan |
Ƙananan (amfani da <0.2 Si Electrode) |
Daidai da Baseline |
Lafiya, Tsaro, da Ka'idojin Biyayya mara Sassautawa
Shakar tuƙin zinc oxide yana gabatar da m, haɗarin lafiya nan da nan. Masu aiki da aka fallasa ga tuƙin zinc akai-akai suna haɓaka zazzabin Fume na ƙarfe. Suna fuskantar mummunan bayyanar cututtuka kamar mura jim kaɗan bayan bayyanar su. Waɗannan alamun sun haɗa da tashin hankali mai tsanani, sanyi, zazzabi mai zafi, da ciwon tsoka. Wadannan cututtuka na kwatsam sun yi watsi da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun aiki kuma suna haifar da alhakin wuraren aiki masu nauyi.
Yawancin shaguna da rashin alheri har yanzu suna dogaro da tatsuniyoyi masu haɗari a wurin aiki. Wasu masu walda sun yi imani da gaske shan madara yana hana guba mai nauyi. Dole ne mu magance kuma mu yi watsi da wannan jita-jita mai hatsarin gaske ta kanti. Madara baya rufe huhu ko dakatar da sha da karfe ta kowace hanya. Babu kwata-kwata babu abin da zai maye gurbin ingantaccen tsarin injiniya.
Dokokin aminci na tilas suna kare ma'aikatan ku daga cutarwa ta dindindin. Dole ne ku aiwatar da tsauraran kariyar numfashi da muhalli.
Shigar da tsarin samun iska mai aiki mai tushe don cire hayaki daga yankin numfashi.
Yi amfani da buɗaɗɗen wuraren buɗe iska ko ƙorafi masu iska a duk inda zai yiwu.
Umurci P100 (HEPA) rabin-mask don tace abubuwa masu haɗari yadda ya kamata.
Ƙaddamar da Ƙwararrun Masu Tsabtace Iska (PAPR) don duk masu aiki da ke aiki a wurare da ke kewaye.
Pre-Weld Surface Shiri: Mahimmin Factor don Inganci
Ma'auni na AWS D-19.0 suna ba da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi don shiri. Suna ba da shawarar share murfin zinc 1 zuwa 4 inci (2.5 zuwa 10 cm) nesa da yankin walda. Dole ne ku yi wannan izinin a bangarorin biyu na haɗin gwiwa kafin ku buga baka. Tsallake wannan matakin yana ba da tabbacin gazawar dubawa.
Yawancin masu ƙirƙira gaba ɗaya suna watsi da abin da ake buƙata don tsaftace bayan haɗin gwiwa. Muna kiran wannan ɓoyayyiyar barazana. Canja wurin zafi da sauri yana vaporize na baya-gefen zinc yayin aikin walda. Wannan aikin capillary thermal yana jan iskar gas mai guba da gurɓataccen abu kai tsaye zuwa tushen walda. Dole ne ku tsaftace kowane gefen da aka fallasa ga babban zafi.
Masu aiki gabaɗaya suna zaɓar tsakanin hanyoyin kawar da inji da sinadarai.
Cire Injini: Wannan yana wakiltar mafi kyawun aikin masana'antu don yawancin shaguna. Yi amfani da fayafai masu niƙa mai ƙarfi ko ƙafafu masu ɓarna don cimma haske, mara ƙarfe. Tabbatar cewa kun cire duk abin da aka haɗa da zinc Layer, ba kawai saman da ba ya da kyau.
Cire Sinadari: Kuna iya amfani da acid muriatic don cire sinadarai a cikin takamaiman yanayi. Koyaya, wannan hanyar tana buƙatar cikakken daidaiton sinadarai. Dole ne ku kashe acid da ƙarfi ta amfani da soda burodi. A ƙarshe, bushe ƙarfen sosai don hana ɓarnawar hydrogen.
Zaɓan Tsarin Welding Dama da Ma'auni
Aikace-aikace daban-daban suna buƙatar takamaiman zaɓin tsari. Daidaita tsarin ku yana hana wuce gona da iri kuma yana tabbatar da shiga mai zurfi.
MIG Welding (GMAW) yana aiki azaman mafi kyawun zaɓi don kayan sirara kamar a galvanized karfe takardar . Takamaiman gyare-gyaren siga suna da matuƙar mahimmanci a nan. Masu aiki suna buƙatar ƙananan saurin tafiya fiye da yadda suke amfani da shi don ƙarancin ƙarfe. Sannun saurin gudu yana ƙyale ragowar zinc ya ƙone gaba da kududdufin. Ƙara ƙarfin lantarki yana taimakawa ta hanyar duk wani ƙaramin zinc da ya saura a saman. Yi amfani da gaurayawar iskar gas na Argon/CO2 don daidaita baka da rage yawan tashi.
Stick Welding (SMAW) ya kasance hanyar da aka fi so don abubuwan haɗin ginin mai kauri. Sauye-sauyen fasaha suna da mahimmanci don nasarar aiwatarwa. Masu aiki dole ne su rage saurin tafiya da gangan. Su canza kusurwar lantarki zuwa kusan digiri 30. Yin amfani da rhythmic 'aikin bulala' yana tura tururin zinc gaba da fita daga hanyar walda. E7018 low-hydrogen electrodes suna aiki azaman madaidaicin zaɓi don wannan aikace-aikacen nauyi mai nauyi.
TIG Welding (GTAW) yana gabatar da manyan matsalolin aiki. Muna ba da ƙwarin gwiwa sosai ga wannan hanyar don sassan da aka jiyya. Tsarin GTAW yana da matukar damuwa ga gurɓataccen waje. Tushen zinc zai lalata wutar lantarki ta tungsten nan da nan. Yana lalata garkuwar iskar gas kuma yana barin ƙyalli mai gurɓatacce sosai.
Tsarin walda |
Dace Gabaɗaya |
Mafi kyawun Bayanan Bayanan Abu |
Daidaita Ma'anar Mahimmanci |
MIG (GMAW) |
Babban |
Bakin Karfe Na Sheet |
Ƙananan sauri, ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma, haɗin Argon/CO2 |
Sanda (SMAW) |
Babban |
Kauri Tsarin Karfe |
30-digiri kwana, bulala mataki, E7018 lantarki |
TIG (GTW) |
Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa |
Ba a Shawarar ba |
An karaya sosai saboda saurin gurɓatar da tungsten |
Maidowa Bayan-Weld da Tsaron Rayuwa
Zazzabi mai tsanani yana tube kayan kariya daga karfen da ke kewaye. Muna kiran wannan matsalar yankin da ke fama da zafi (HAZ). Wannan lalacewar yanayin zafi yana barin sabon yankin da aka haɗa nan da nan ya zama mai rauni ga tsatsa. Ba tare da shiga tsakani ba, kwayar tantanin halitta na galvanic yana samuwa. Wannan tantanin halitta yana hanzarta raguwar ƙarancin ƙarfe da ke kewaye.
Dole ne ku zayyana daidaitattun tsarin aiki don sake fasalin haɗin gwiwa. Ƙuntataccen yarda da ASTM A 780 yana hana iskar oxygen da wuri. Bin wannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai yana tabbatar da taron ya kai tsawon rayuwar da aka tsara.
Matsayin masana'antu sun san hanyoyin sabuntawa da yawa masu tasiri sosai.
Aiwatar da fenti na musamman mai arzikin zinc zuwa karfe maras tushe. Wadannan suturar masana'antu dole ne su ƙunshi aƙalla 95% tsarkakakken zinc a cikin fim ɗin busassun.
Yin amfani da kayan siyar da tushen zinc don narkar da sabon shingen kariya akan dandazon karfe.
Thermal spraying, kuma aka sani da metallizing, domin nauyi-aiki kasuwanci da masana'antu aikace-aikace.
Sarrafa tsammanin abokin ciniki a farkon tsarin ƙirƙira. Wuraren da aka gyara za su fara nuna rashin daidaituwar launi na ado na musamman. Sau da yawa suna kallon azurfa mai haske akan bangon launin toka mara nauyi. Za su yi yanayi ta dabi'a da oxidize don dacewa da ainihin ƙarewar cikin lokaci.
Ana kimanta Madadin Kera don Mafi kyawun ROI
Niƙa, ƙwararrun walda, da abubuwan taɓawa bayan walda suna gabatar da ɗimbin farashin aiki. Hakanan suna haifar da ƙulla-ƙullun ayyukan aiki masu takaici. Masu kasuwanci dole ne su kimanta idan walda da aka riga aka rufa da ƙarfe yana da ma'ana ta kuɗi. Wani lokaci, madadin hanyoyin suna haifar da Komawa kan Zuba Jari.
Don masana'anta masu nauyi, a hankali kimanta ROI na jerin tsari. Yi la'akari da ƙirƙira majalissar ku gaba ɗaya da ɗanyen ƙarfe mara rufi tukuna. Zaka iya aika da kammala, cikakken welded taro fita domin zafi tsoma galvanizing. Wannan jeri yana kawar da niƙa, yana dakatar da hayaki mai haɗari, kuma yana ba da harsashi mai ci gaba.
Yi la'akari da haɗin gwiwar injiniya don haɗin haɗin da aka kulle maimakon walda. Wannan madadin gaba ɗaya yana kawar da hayaƙin zinc mai guba daga ɗakin shagon ku. Hakanan yana kawar da buƙatar maido da HAZ da kayan aikin numfashi masu tsada.
Ƙirƙirar ƙira mai girma ba tare da buƙatun walda na tsari ba suna fa'ida daga siyan albarkatun ƙasa mafi wayo. Ci gaba da samo asali galvanized karfe nada don naɗa ko tambari sau da yawa yana tabbatar da tsada sosai. Rufe juzu'i yana ɓata babban lokaci da kuɗi lokacin da ɗanyen coil ɗin ya dace daidai da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ku. Stamping na'urorin da aka riga aka rufawa suna ƙara haɓaka jadawalin samarwa.
Kammalawa
Ƙirƙirar ƙarfe mai rufin zinc yana buƙatar tsari mai tsari, tsari sosai. Welding waɗannan kayan aiki ne mai aminci da ingantaccen tsari kawai lokacin da kuka bi tsayayyen shiri. Dole ne ku aiwatar da sigogin walda waɗanda aka keɓance kuma ku tilasta maidowa bayan walda. Ɗaukar gajerun hanyoyi tare da tsinkaya yana yin lahani ga samfurin ƙarshe da lafiyar ma'aikatan ku.
Dole ne masu yanke shawara su ɗauki matakai na gaba masu dacewa da gaggawa. Muna ba da shawarar yin bitar SOPs na bene na kanti na yanzu don tabbatar da tsayayyen daidaitawa tare da ma'aunin AWS da ASTM. Bincika kayan PPE ɗin ku a yau don tabbatar da cewa kuna da isassun matatun P100 da tsarin iska mai aiki. A ƙarshe, gudanar da cikakken nazari na fa'idar tsadar kwatancen kwatancen ayyukan aiki da aka riga aka yi akan aikin bayan-galvanizing. Haɓaka wannan takamaiman jeri zai ƙara girman aikin aikin ku da kuma kare layin ƙasa.
FAQ
Q: Za a iya weld m karfe zuwa galvanized karfe?
A: Ee, amma aikin galvanized ɗin dole ne a cire shi zuwa ƙaramin ƙarfe mara nauyi a wurin haɗin gwiwa. Ya kamata a bar ƙananan giɓi don ƙyale duk wani ragowar gas ɗin zinc daga HAZ ya tsere ba tare da haifar da porosity ba.
Tambaya: Shin yana da lafiya don walda karfen galvanized a waje?
A: walda a waje yana inganta samun iska sosai amma baya kawar da hatsarin. Har yanzu ma'aikata dole ne su sa na'urori masu ƙima na P100 kuma su niƙa zinc.
Tambaya: Menene zai faru idan na yi wa zinc ba tare da niƙa shi ba?
A: Weld ɗin zai sha wahala daga matsanancin porosity (kumburi na iskar gas) da kuma rashin haɗuwa, yana mai da shi tsari mara kyau kuma yana da saurin gazawa a ƙarƙashin kaya.
