Tinplate yɛ dade a ɛyɛ tratraa a wɔde tin adura ho na agye din sɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛko tia nsɛe, ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ den, na ɛyɛ fɛ. Ɛdi dwuma titiriw wɔ nneɛma a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma ho adwuma mu, titiriw wɔ nnuan a wɔde ahyɛ ahina mu ne anonne ho. Bio nso, ne honam fam ne nnuru a ɛwɔ mu —te sɛ akwanside a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye, sɛnea wotumi yɛ, sɛnea wotumi tintim, ne sɛnea wotumi de yɛ nneɛma foforo—no ma ɛfata ma mfiridwuma ne adetɔfo a wɔde di dwuma ahorow pii. Ntease a ɛwɔ . Tinplate a wɔyɛ no ho hia ma nnwuma a wɔde wɔn ho to dade a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma a ɛyɛ papa so.
Abakɔsɛm a ɛfa tinplate a wɔyɛ ho .
Tinplate mfiase fi afeha a ɛto so 14 mu wɔ Bohemia, nnɛyi Czech Republic. Mfiase no, wɔde nsa na ɛyɛɛ tinplate denam tin a wɔde hama bɔɔ so wɔ dade ntama so no so. Bere a mfiridwuma mu nsakrae no bae no, adeyɛ no kɔɔ so kɛse. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 mu no, electrolytic tinning a wɔyɛe no yɛɛ nsakrae kɛse wɔ tinplate a wɔyɛ mu, na ɛmaa wotumi kataa so pɛpɛɛpɛ na ɛmaa nneɛma a wɔyɛ no yɛɛ yiye kɛse.
Nneɛma a wɔde yɛ adwuma .
Nneɛma titiriw a wɔde yɛ tinplate ne dade a carbon sua ne tin. Dade a carbon sua no ma ahoɔden ne sɛnea ɛyɛ a ɛho hia, bere a tin ma corrosion resistance ne ade a ɛnyɛ awuduru a ɛfata ma aduan a ɛne no di nkitaho. Dadeɛ a wɔde di dwuma no taa yɛ carbon a ɛnnu 0.13%, na ɛhwɛ ma nea ɛtwa toɔ no yɛ . Tinplate krataa no yɛ ductile na ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛhyehyɛ no ahorow ahorow.Tinplate nso ne nneɛma ahorow a wɔde kata so ne lacquers hyia, na ɛma ne dwumadi yɛ kɛse wɔ mmeae ahorow a wɔde di dwuma awiei.
Nneɛma a wɔyɛ ho nhyehyɛe ho nsɛm .
Tinplate a wɔyɛ no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nneɛma pii a ɛho hia na ama wɔanya ade a ɛkorɔn. Saa anammɔn ahorow yi bi ne dade a wɔyɛ, ɔhyew a wɔde bobɔw, awɔw a wɔde twitwiw nneɛma mu, ahotew, annealing, tin a wɔde kata so, ne nea wɔde wie. Wɔde ahwɛyiye di ɔfã biara so yiye na ama wɔanya mfiridwuma mu nneɛma a wɔpɛ ne ne soro su.
Dadeɛ a wɔyɛ .
Adeyɛ no fi ase wɔ dade a wɔyɛ mu, baabi a dade a wɔde yɛ nneɛma no yɛ hyew ma ɛyɛ dade a ayow. Afei wɔdane saa dadeɛ yi yɛ dadeɛ denam carbon a ɛwɔ mu a wɔtew so ne efĩ a wɔyi firi mu denam akwan te sɛ oxygen dadeɛ a wɔyɛ no mfitiaseɛ anaa anyinam ahoɔden arc fononoo a ɛreyow so. Wɔde dade a efi mu ba no gu mpuran a wɔasiesie ama rolling mu.
Ɔhyew a ɛyɛ hyew .
Wɔma dade a wɔde ayɛ nnua no yɛ hyew kodu bɛyɛ 1,200°C na ɛfa rollers mu ma ɛyɛ kɛse ma ne kɛse so tew kɛse. Hot rolling dannan slabs no ma ɛyɛ hot rolled coils a ne kɛse yɛ nea ɛfata sɛ wɔyɛ ho adwuma bio. Saa anammɔn yi siesie aburow nhyehyɛe no na ɛma mfiridwuma mu nneɛma tu mpɔn.
Awɔw a ɛrehuruhuruw .
Bere a wɔde ɔhyew abɔ so awie no, wɔma dade a wɔde ayɛ nhama no yɛ nwini na afei wɔde awɔw a ɛyɛ nwini gu dan mu hyew mu. Cold rolling ma nea ɛyɛ den no so tew bio na ɛma nea ɛwɔ soro no yɛ kɛse. Saa adeyɛ yi ma dade no ahoɔden yɛ kɛse denam nhyɛso a ɛyɛ den so, na ɛde substrate a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a eye ma tin a wɔde kata so ba.
Ahotew ne ahosiesie .
Ansa na wɔde tinning bɛba no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhohoro dade a wɔde ayɛ nwini no ho yiye na ama tin abata ho yiye. Nneɛma a wɔde siesie hɔ no fa akwan horow pii ho:
Alkaline a wɔde tew ho .
Wɔde dade a wɔde ayɛ no gu alkaline solution mu de yi ngo, srade, ne efĩ afoforo a wonya bere a ɛrehuruhuruw no fi mu. Saa anammɔn yi ho hia kɛse na ama wɔasiw sintɔ ahorow a ɛwɔ tin a wɔde kata so no ano.
Electrolytic ahotew .
Wɔ alkaline a ɛho tew akyi no, electrolytic cleaning yi oxides biara a aka ne nneɛma nketenkete a ɛyɛ fɛ no fi hɔ. Dade no fa nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ anyinam ahoɔden mu a anyinam ahoɔden boa ma efĩ fi hɔ, na ɛma ɛhɔ yɛ fɛ yiye.
Pickling .
Pickling kwan no de acid aduru a ɛnyɛ den di dwuma de yi residual scale anaa oxide layers biara fi hɔ. Saa anammɔn yi hwɛ hu sɛ dade no ani yɛ adwuma wɔ nnuru mu na ayɛ krado sɛ wɔde tin bɛhyɛ mu.
annealing .
Wɔyɛ annealing de yi dade no microstructure no fi hɔ, na ɛma ductility no yɛ kɛse na ɛtew emu nhyɛso so. Wɔde dade a wɔde hyɛ mu no yɛ hyew wɔ wim fononoo a wɔahyɛ so mu na amma oxidation ankɔ mu. Saa ɔhyew ne onwini a wɔhwɛ so yi sesa mfiridwuma mu nneɛma no ma ɛne ahwehwɛde pɔtee bi a ɛfa tinplate dwumadie ho no hyia.
Electrolytic tinning .
Electrolytic tinning hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde electroplating process kata dade a wɔasiesie no so. Dade no fa electrolytic cell a tin solution wom mu. Ɛdenam anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde gu so so no, wɔde tin ions gu dade no ani pɛpɛɛpɛ. Wɔhwɛ nneɛma a ɛsakra te sɛ bath composition, temperature, ne current density so yiye na ama wɔanya tin coating thickness a wɔpɛ no.
Plating tebea horow .
Tin a wɔde kata so no mu duru betumi afi gram 1.0 kosi 15.0 wɔ mita ahinanan biara mu, a egyina sɛnea wɔpɛ sɛ wɔde di dwuma no so. Coating weight ne uniformity ho hia kɛse ma adwumayɛ, nkɛntɛnso corrosion resistance ne solderability.
Ayaresa akyi .
Wɔ tinning akyi no, strip no kɔ ayaresa akyi te sɛ melting (flow brightening) na ama ɔfasu no awie ne passivation no atu mpɔn na ama corrosion resistance no ayɛ kɛse. Wobetumi de ngo nso apete so na amma antutu bere a wɔredi ho dwuma na wɔreyɛ ho adwuma no.
Nneɛma a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma so yiye .
Quality control yɛ integral wɔ tinplate manufacturing nhyehyɛe no nyinaa mu. Wɔde sɔhwɛ akwan a ɛnyɛ nea ɛsɛe ade te sɛ x-ray fluorescence di dwuma de susuw tin coating thickness. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ asase ani no hu sintɔ biara te sɛ pinholes anaasɛ nsensanee. Mfiridwuma mu sɔhwɛ ahorow susuw nneɛma te sɛ den ne ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe ho de hwɛ hu sɛ wodi nnwuma gyinapɛn ahorow so.
tinplate a wɔde di dwuma .
Wɔde tinplate di dwuma titiriw wɔ nneɛma a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma mu. Ne formability a ɛkyɛn so no ma wotumi yɛ no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛyɛ nkankyee, nkataso, ne nea wɔde to mu. Tin a wɔde kata so no ma wonya akwanside a ahobammɔ wom ma nnuan a wɔde yɛ aduan, na ɛmma nsu no ntutu na ɛde efĩ ba. Bio nso, wɔde tinplate di dwuma wɔ anyinam ahoɔden afã horow, kar afã horow, ne ofie nneɛma mu esiane sɛnea ɛyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛbɔ ne afɛfɛde a wɔde awie nti.
Wɔ aduan a wɔde di dwuma mu no, wɔde tinplate di dwuma kɛse de kyekyere nhabannuru a wɔde gu toa mu, nam, ɛpo mu nnuan, nufusu, ne anonne a wɔde powder ayɛ. Nneɛma no ne aduan ho banbɔ gyinapɛn ahorow hyia na ɛma wonya ɔfasu a eye kyɛn so a wɔde tintim tẽẽ anaasɛ wɔde aduru a wɔde kata so.
Wɔ mfiridwuma mu no, wɔde tinplate di dwuma ma paint nkankyee, aerosol nsukorade, ngo a wɔde yiyi nneɛma mu, batere a wɔde hyɛ mu, ne ɛlɛtrɔnik nneɛma. N’ahoɔden, ne solderability, ne wim tebea a ɛko tia no ma ɛyɛ nea eye ma ano aduru a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye ne bere tenten a wɔde sie.
Nneɛma atitiriw a ɛma tinplate fata ma application ahorow no bi ne:
Nneɛma a ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛko tia corrosion wɔ acid ne alkaline mmeae ahorow .
Awudisɛm a ɛnyɛ awuduru ne sɛnea wodi aduan ho ahotew ho gyinapɛn ahorow so .
Weldability pa ne solderability .
Printability a ɛkorɔn ne afɛfɛde a wɔde wie .
Ahoɔden ne mu duru a ɛkorɔn a ɛne ne ho hyia .
Nneɛma a wotumi de yɛ nneɛma foforo a honam fam adwumayɛ nsɛe .
Nneɛma foforo a wɔyɛ wɔ tinplate a wɔyɛ mu .
Nkɔso a aba nnansa yi no twe adwene si adwumayɛ a ɛbɛma atu mpɔn so na wɔatew nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia so. Mfiridwuma a ɛkɔ so ne mfiridwuma a ɛkɔ so yɛ adwuma no ama nneɛma a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm no akɔ soro. Nhwehwɛmufo rehwehwɛ nneɛma foforo a wɔde kata so ne akwan a wɔbɛfa so atew tin a wɔde di dwuma so a wɔrensɛe ne su. Nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma bio ho nhyehyɛe nso yɛ nea ɛho hia, efisɛ tinplate yɛ 100% a wotumi de yɛ adwuma bio a ɛnyɛ nea ɛyɛ papa, ɛne botae ahorow a ɛfa nkwa a ɛbɛkɔ so atra hɔ no hyia.
Nsɛnnennen a ɛwɔ tinplate a wɔyɛ mu .
Ɛmfa ho mfaso a ɛwɔ so no, tinplate a wɔyɛ no hyia nsɛnnennen te sɛ nneɛma a wɔde yɛ nneɛma a ɛsakrasakra ne akansi a efi nneɛma foforo a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma te sɛ plastic ne aluminium mu. Nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho mmara ma ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ nneɛma a ɛho tew a wɔde yɛ nneɛma, na ɛma nnwuma no fa nneyɛe a ɛtra hɔ daa kɛse. Ɛka a wɔbɛkari pɛ, nea ɛyɛ papa, ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no da so ara yɛ ade titiriw a ɛhaw wɔn a wɔyɛ nneɛma no.
Wiase nyinaa gua so nsɛm .
Tinplate gua no renya nkɔso a ɛkɔ so daa, a nea efi ahwehwɛde mu wɔ aman a wɔn sikasɛm renya nkɔso mu na ɛkanyan wɔn. Asia-Pacific mantam, titiriw China ne India, na ɛredi kan wɔ nneɛma a wɔyɛ ne nea wɔde di dwuma nyinaa mu. Nneɛma foforo a wɔyɛ wɔ nneɛma a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma ho nhyehyɛe mu ne aduan a ahobammɔ wom a wɔde wɔn adwene si so no kɔ so ma nnwuma no trɛw mu. Nkɔmmɔbɔ a ɛda wɔn a wɔyɛ ne wɔn ntam ne . Nnwuma a wɔde asi wɔn ani so sɛ ɛbɛkɔ so atra hɔ daa no reyɛ daakye gua so nkɔso.
Nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia so nkɛntɛnso ne nea ɛbɛkɔ so atra hɔ daa .
TinPlate a wotumi de di dwuma bio no di dwuma titiriw wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛka no so tew mu. Tinplate a wɔsan de di dwuma no ma ahoɔden a wɔde di dwuma no so tew bɛyɛ 74% sɛ wɔde toto dade foforo a wɔyɛ ho a. Bio nso, wɔrebɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛtew mframa a wɔtow gu bere a wɔreyɛ no so denam mfiridwuma a ɛmma ahoɔden nsɛe pii a wobegye atom no so. Nnwuma no nso rehwehwɛ sɛ wɔde nnuru a wɔde yɛ nneɛma a nkwa wom bedi dwuma na wɔatew nnuru a ɛyɛ hu a wɔde di dwuma wɔ nneɛma a wɔyɛ mu no so.
Awie
Tinplate a wɔyɛ no yɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ den a ɛka dade ho nimdeɛ ne mfiridwuma a ɛkɔ anim a wɔde yɛ nneɛma bom. Sɛnea wotumi yɛ nneɛma pii, wotumi de ho to so, na ahobammɔ wom no ma ɛho nhia wɔ aduan, mfiridwuma, anyinam ahoɔden, ne nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma mu. Sɛnea wɔyɛ tinplate no ho ntease si honam fam nyansahu, mfiridwuma, ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia sohwɛ a ɛkari pɛ a ɛyɛ nwonwa no so dua. Bere a nnwuma no renya nkɔso no, nneɛma foforo a wɔyɛ ne nneyɛe a ɛkɔ so daa a ɛkɔ so no bɛhwɛ sɛ tinplate bɛkɔ so ayɛ nneɛma a ɛho hia wɔ wiase nyinaa gua so.
Sɛ wopɛ tinplate ne ne dwumadie ho nsɛm pii—a mfiridwuma ho nsɛm a wɔakyerɛw ne adansedie adansedie ka ho a, adwumayɛ ho adwumayɛfoɔ bɛtumi ahwehwɛ nneɛma a wɔn a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ hɔ a wɔagye din no de ama no mu. Nimdeɛ a wɔbɛma ayɛ kɛse wɔ saa beae yi no boa ma wosi gyinae pa wɔ nneɛma a wɔpaw mu na ɛboa ma nkɔso ba wɔ dade a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma mu.
