Tinplate takardar mai bakin ciki ne na karfe mai rufi tare da tin kuma yana sanannen don juriya na lalata, siyar da hannu, da roko na lalata. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin masana'antar marufi, musamman ga gwangwani abinci da abubuwan sha. Bugu da ƙari, jiki da keɓaɓɓen kayan aikinta-kamar kyakkyawan shinge na aiki, tsari, bugawa, da sake dawowa - sanya shi ya dace da yawa na masana'antu da kuma masu amfani da aikace-aikacen masana'antu. Fahimtar da Tsarin samar da kayan yana da mahimmanci ga masana'antu waɗanda ke dogara da mafita na kayan ƙara.
Tarihin samar da samarwa
Asalin tarihin kwandon shara zuwa karni na 14 a Bohemia, Jamhuriyar Czech Republic. Da farko, an samar da tinkalin da hannu ta hanyar guduma a kan katako mai ƙarfe. Tare da zuwan juyin masana'antu, tsari ya samo asali sosai. A karni na 19, sabuwar dabara ta ƙwanƙwaran lantarki mai sauyawa ta hanyar, ba da damar ƙarin suturar samarwa da ƙara ƙarfin samarwa.
Kayan kayan abinci
Ainihin kayan aikin don masana'antun ƙwayoyin cuta suna da ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon da tin. Varbon mai ƙarancin carbon yana ba da ƙarfi da dole, yayin tin yana ba da juriya na lalata da kuma farfajiya mai guba da ta dace don lambar sadarwar abinci. Karfe da aka yi amfani da shi yawanci yana da abun ciki na carbon na ƙasa da 0.13%, tabbatar da cewa ƙarshe Za'a iya sauƙaƙe takardar shinpate kuma za'a iya samun sauƙin shiga cikin nau'ikan siffofi da yawa.To kuma ya dace da nau'ikan coces da lacquers, haɓaka aikinta cikin mahalli daban-daban.
Tsarin sarrafawa
Tsarin samar da abubuwa sun ƙunshi matakai da yawa don tabbatar da ingantaccen samfurin. Wadannan matakan sun hada da m, mai zafi mirgine, sanyi mirgina, tsaftacewa, ana shafa, da kuma gamawa. Kowane lokaci yana sarrafawa sosai don cimma burin kayan aikin da ake so da ingancin ƙasa.
M
Tsarin yana farawa da ƙarfe, inda baƙin ƙarfe ore a ƙarƙashin shafa baƙin ƙarfe don samar da baƙin ƙarfe. Wannan baƙin ƙarfe ya koma karfe ta hanyar rage abubuwan carbon da cire ƙazanta ta hanyar oxygen na asali ko wutar lantarki mai narkewa ko wutar lantarki na asali. A sakamakon sile a cikin slabs shirya don mirgina.
Zafi mirgina
Karfe slabs suna mai zafi zuwa kusan 1,200 ° C kuma ya wuce ta hanyar rollers don rage mahimmanci. M mirgine yana canza slabs cikin zafi m coils tare da kauri da ya dace da aiki. Wannan matakin ya sake tsarin hatsi kuma yana inganta kaddarorin inji.
Sanyi mirgina
Bayan rolling zafi, murfin ƙarfe an sanyaya sannan a sanya shi zuwa sanyi a ɗakin zafin jiki. Cold mirgine kara rage kauri da haɓaka farfajiyar. Wannan tsari yana ƙaruwa matuƙar karfin ƙarfe ta hanyar ƙwayar hardening, yana haifar da bakin ciki, ingantaccen substrate manufa don kankare.
Tsaftacewa da shiri
Kafin zuwa tinning, ruwan ƙarfe mai sanyi dole ne ya tsabtace don tabbatar da tasirin tin. Tsarin tsabtatawa ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa:
Abin tsaftacewa alkaline
Ana nutsar da tsararrakin karfe a cikin wani bayani na alkaline don cire mai, man shafawa, da sauran magunguna da suka sami lokacin mirgina. Wannan matakin yana da mahimmanci don hana lahani a cikin tin shafi.
Tsabtatawa na lantarki
Sakamakon tsabtatawa na alkaline mai tsafta, tsabtace na lantarki yana cire duk wani ragowar oxies da barbashi. Strip na karfe yana wucewa ta tantanin lantarki inda cutar ayoyin lantarki a cikin rashin daidaituwa, sakamakon shi ne mai tsabta a farfajiya.
Tara
Tsarin pickling yana amfani da maganin m acid magani don kawar da duk wani yanki mai yawa ko oxide yadudduka. Wannan matakin yana tabbatar da cewa farfajiyar karfe yana da aiki kuma a shirye don tin plating.
Shafewa
Ana yin anne da za a iya yin amfani da microstructure na karfe, haɓaka karkatako da rage damuwa na ciki. Strik na karfe yana da zafi a cikin yanayin da ake sarrafawa don hana hadawan hadawa ta hadawa. Wannan tsarin dumama da sanyaya tsari yana daidaita da kayan aikin injin don biyan takamaiman bukatun aikace-aikacen tinplate.
Eleytherlytic Tining
Eleytherlytic Tinning ya ƙunshi roarfin da aka shirya ƙarfe tare da kwano ta amfani da tsarin ba da jimawa. Karfe ya wuce ta tantanin wutan lantarki wanda yake dauke da wata mafita. Ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki na yanzu, ana ajiye ta tin an daidaita ta hanyar a saman karfe. Masu canji kamar su kayan wanka, zazzabi, da yawa ana sarrafa su a hankali don cimma ƙaƙƙarfan kauri mai kauri.
Yanayin plating
A tin tin shafi na iya kasancewa daga 1.0 zuwa 15.0 a kowace murabba'in murabba'i, ya dogara da aikace-aikacen da aka nufa. Haske mai nauyi da daidaituwa suna da mahimmanci ga aikin, tasiri juriya juriya da siyarwar .Amurra.
Jiyya-jiyya
Bayan tinning, tsiri ya yi wa aka yi wa jiyya kamar yadda ake narkar da shi (layin gudu) don haɓaka haɓakar farfajiya da pastovation don inganta juriya na lalata. Hakanan ana iya amfani da mai don hana karɓewa yayin kulawa da sarrafawa.
Matakan sarrafawa mai inganci
Gudanarwa mai inganci ya zama aya ta gaskiya ko'ina cikin tsirar masana'antar masana'antu. Hanyoyin gwaji masu lalacewa kamar X-ray masu kwalliya ana amfani dasu don auna kauri mai kauri. Matsakanci na farfajiya sun gano duk wani lahani kamar pinholes ko karce. Gwajin injin na inji suna tantance kaddarorin kamar wuya da ƙarfi don tabbatar da yarda da ƙa'idodin masana'antu.
Aikace-aikace na Tonplate
An yi amfani da tinkalin ƙwanƙwasa a masana'antar marufi. Kyakkyawan tsari yana ba shi damar a taƙaice shi cikin gwangwani, lids, da rufewa. Tsarin tin yana samar da ingantaccen shinge don samfuran abinci, yana hana lalata da gurbata. Ari ga haka, ana amfani da trelate a cikin kayan aikin lantarki, sassan motoci, da kayan aikin gida saboda najin ta da kuma karewa.
A cikin aikace-aikacen abinci na abinci, ana amfani da cutar ƙwanƙwasa don shirya kayan lambu gwangwani, nama, abincin teku, da samfuran kiwo, da abubuwan sha. Abubuwan sun hada da ka'idodin amincin abinci kuma suna ba da kyakkyawan wuri don bugun bugun kai tsaye don bugun bugun kai tsaye ko gashi lacquer.
A cikin aikace-aikacen masana'antu, ana amfani da tinkarar ƙwanƙwasawa don gwangwani, masu tace mai, masu tace mai, da kuma abubuwan batir, da kayan haɗin katako. Verarfinta, siyartar da kai, da kuma juriya ga yanayin yanayin yanayin yin daidai da mahimmancin aiki da mafita na lokaci.
Mabuɗin kaddarorin da ke sanya tinplingate dace da aikace-aikace daban-daban sun haɗa da:
Madalla da juriya a lalata lalata a cikin acidic da kuma yanayin alkaline
Rashin guba da kuma bin ka'idojin kayan aikin abinci
Kyakkyawan weldability da sankar
Mafi girma swallability da na ado
Babban ƙarfi-da-nauyi rabo
Sake dawowa ba tare da lalata aikin kayan aiki ba
Abincin abubuwa a cikin kantin samar da abinci
Ci gaban kwanannan mai da hankali kan inganta inganci da rage tasirin muhalli. Cigaba da simintin da ke haifar da fasahar mirgina sun karu da saurin samar da samarwa. Masu bincike suna binciken madadin kayan da hanyoyin don rage amfanin tin ba tare da tsara inganci ba. Ayyukan sake sarrafawa suna da mahimmanci, kamar yadda tinplate yake 100% sake dawowa ba tare da asarar inganci ba, a daidaita da ci gaba da dorewa.
Kalubale a cikin masana'antar kera
Duk da fa'idodi, samar da ci gaba yana fuskantar ƙalubale kamar canjin farashin kayan ƙasa da gasa mai rufi kamar robsics da aluminum. Ka'idojin muhalli suna buƙatar hanyoyin samar da tsabtatawa, yana ba da masana'antar don ɗaukar ayyuka masu dorewa sosai. Daidaitawa tsada, inganci, da tasirin muhalli ya kasance mai damuwa ga masana'antun.
Al'adar kasuwar duniya
Kasuwancin Ton na fuskantar ci gaba mai tsayayye, wanda ake jan bukata a cikin tattalin arziƙin tattalin arziki. Tarayyar Asiya-Pacific, musamman China da Indiya, suna kan gaba cikin biyu da kuma amfani. Sabar kayayyakin zane-zane da kuma mai da hankali kan amincin abinci yana ci gaba da yada fadada masana'antar. Hadin gwiwa tsakanin masana'antun da Ayyukan da suke nufin dorewa suna iya girgiza kai tsaye.
Tasirin muhalli da dorewa
Sake dawowa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage tasirin muhalli. Sake maimaita ƙwayar kwai yana rage yawan kuzari har zuwa 74% idan aka kwatanta da samar da sabon karfe. Haka kuma, ana yin ƙoƙari don rage fitarwa yayin samarwa ta hanyar ɗaukar fasahar kuzari. Masana'antu kuma yana binciken amfani da mai amfani da bio-tushen da rage amfani da sunadarai masu haɗari wajen sarrafawa.
Ƙarshe
Tsarin samar da tsari ne mai rikitarwa wanda ya haɗu da ƙwarewar ƙarfe tare da fasahar masana'antu masu ci gaba. Parthatility, aminci, da aminci suna haifar da rashin tabbas a kan abinci, masana'antu, wutar lantarki, da sassan masu amfani. Fahimtar yadda aka yi tinkirin da tinkirin da ke haskaka daidaito tsakanin kimiyyar kayan aiki, injiniyanci, da kuma kula da muhalli. Kamar yadda masana'antar ta fuskanta, ci gaba da ayyukan ci gaba da ayyukan dorewa zasu tabbatar da cewa twplate ya kasance abu mai mahimmanci a kasuwar duniya.
Don ƙarin bayani game da ƙwayoyin cuta da aikace-aikacen-haɗe-da-masana'antu dattheets da takaddun kafa-masana'antar - kwararru na masana'antu na masana'antu wanda manyan masana'antun suka bayar. Inganta ilimi a wannan yankin yana tallafawa mafi kyawun yanke shawara a zaɓi na kayan kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga cigaba a filin marufi.
