Tinplate ni urupapuro ruto rw'icyuma rusize amabati kandi ruzwiho kurwanya ruswa, kugurishwa, no gushimisha ubwiza. Ifite uruhare runini mu nganda zipakira, cyane cyane ku biribwa n'ibinyobwa. Byongeye kandi, imiterere yumubiri nubumashini-nkibikorwa byiza bya barrière, gukora neza, gucapwa, hamwe no kongera gukoreshwa - bituma bikwiranye ninganda zitandukanye zikoreshwa mu nganda n’abaguzi. Gusobanukirwa Ibicuruzwa bitanga amabati ni ngombwa mu nganda zishingiye ku bikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bipfunyika.
Amateka yumusaruro wa Tinplate
Inkomoko ya tinplate yatangiriye mu kinyejana cya 14 muri Bohemia, Repubulika ya Ceki y'ubu. Mu ikubitiro, amabati yakozwe n'intoki akoresheje amabati ku mabati. Hamwe na Revolution yinganda haje, inzira yahindutse kuburyo bugaragara. Mu kinyejana cya 19, kuvumbura amabati ya electrolytike byahinduye umusaruro wa tinplate, bituma hashyirwaho imyenda imwe kandi byongera umusaruro.
Ibikoresho bito
Ibikoresho fatizo byibanze byo gukora amabati ni ibyuma bya karuboni nkeya na tin. Ibyuma bike bya karubone bitanga imbaraga zikenewe kandi bigahinduka, mugihe amabati atanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa hamwe nubutaka butari uburozi bukwiranye n ibiryo. Ibyuma bikoreshwa mubisanzwe bifite karubone iri munsi ya 0.13%, byemeza ko byanyuma Urupapuro rwa Tinplate ntiruhinduka kandi rushobora guhinduka muburyo butandukanye.Icyapa nacyo gihuza imyenda itandukanye hamwe na lacquers, byongera imikorere yacyo muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha.
Incamake yumusaruro
Umusaruro wa tinplate urimo intambwe nyinshi zingenzi kugirango ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge. Izi ntambwe zirimo gukora ibyuma, kuzunguruka bishyushye, kuzunguruka imbeho, gukora isuku, annealing, amabati, no kurangiza. Buri cyiciro kigenzurwa neza kugirango ugere kumiterere yubukanishi bwifuzwa hamwe nubuziranenge bwubuso.
Gukora ibyuma
Inzira itangirana no gukora ibyuma, aho ubutare bwicyuma bukora gushonga kugirango butange ibyuma bishongeshejwe. Icyo cyuma noneho gihinduka ibyuma mugabanya ibyuka bya karubone no gukuraho umwanda binyuze mubikorwa nkibyuma byibanze bya ogisijeni cyangwa amashanyarazi ya arc gushonga. Ibyuma bivamo bijugunywa mubisate byiteguye kuzunguruka.
Kuzunguruka
Icyapa cy'icyuma gishyuha kugera kuri 1,200 ° C kandi kinyuzwa mu muzingo kugirango ugabanye umubyimba ku buryo bugaragara. Kuzunguruka bishyushye bihindura ibisate mubishishwa bishyushye hamwe nubunini bukwiriye gutunganywa. Iyi ntambwe itunganya imiterere yingano kandi itezimbere imiterere yubukanishi.
Ubukonje
Nyuma yo kuzunguruka, ibishishwa byicyuma birakonjeshwa hanyuma bigakonja bikonje mubushyuhe bwicyumba. Ubukonje bukonje bugabanya ubukana kandi bwongera ubuso burangiye. Ubu buryo bwongera imbaraga zicyuma binyuze mu gukomera, bikavamo insimburangingo yoroheje, yoroshye yo gutera amabati.
Isuku no kwitegura
Mbere yo gutobora, ibyuma bizengurutse ubukonje bigomba guhanagurwa neza kugirango amabati afatwe neza. Igikorwa cyo gukora isuku kirimo ibyiciro byinshi:
Isuku ya alkaline
Igice cyicyuma cyinjijwe mumuti wa alkaline kugirango ukureho amavuta, amavuta, nibindi byanduza byabonetse mugihe cyo kuzunguruka. Iyi ntambwe ningirakamaro mu gukumira inenge ziri mu mabati.
Isuku rya electrolytike
Gukurikira isuku ya alkaline, isuku ya electrolytique ikuraho oxyde isigaye hamwe nuduce twiza. Icyuma cyicyuma kinyura muri selile ya electrolytike aho umuyagankuba ufasha mukwirukana umwanda, bikavamo ubuso bwiza cyane.
Gutoragura
Uburyo bwo gutoragura bukoresha aside yoroheje kugirango ikureho igipimo gisigaye cyangwa ibice bya oxyde. Iyi ntambwe yemeza ko ibyuma bikora neza kandi byiteguye kubumba amabati.
Annealing
Annealing ikorwa kugirango yongere yongere microstructure yicyuma, yongere ihindagurika kandi igabanye imihangayiko yimbere. Icyuma gishyuha mu ziko ryagenzuwe kugirango birinde okiside. Ubu buryo bwo kugenzura no gukonjesha bugenzura imiterere yubukanishi kugirango bwuzuze ibisabwa byihariye bya tinplate.
Amashanyarazi
Amabati ya electrolytike arimo gutwikira umurongo wibyuma byateguwe hamwe namabati ukoresheje inzira ya electroplating. Icyuma kinyura muri selile ya electrolytike irimo igisubizo cyamabati. Mugukoresha amashanyarazi, amabati ion ashyirwa muburyo bumwe hejuru yicyuma. Ibihinduka nko kwiyuhagira, ubushyuhe, nubucucike buriho bigenzurwa neza kugirango ugere kubwinshi bwamabati.
Ibisabwa
Uburemere bw'amabati burashobora kuva kuri garama 1.0 kugeza kuri 15.0 kuri metero kare, bitewe nibisabwa. Uburemere bwa coating hamwe nuburinganire nibyingenzi mubikorwa, bigira ingaruka kumurwanya no kwangirika.
Nyuma yo kuvurwa
Nyuma yo gutobora, umurongo unyuramo nyuma yo kuvurwa nko gushonga (gutemba gutemba) kugirango urusheho kurangiza no gutambuka kugirango byongere ruswa. Amavuta arashobora kandi gukoreshwa kugirango wirinde gushushanya mugihe cyo gutunganya no gutunganya.
Ingamba zo kugenzura ubuziranenge
Kugenzura ubuziranenge nibyingenzi murwego rwo gukora tinplate. Uburyo bwo kwipimisha budasenya nka X-ray fluorescence ikoreshwa mugupima ubunini bwamabati. Ubugenzuzi bwubuso bugaragaza inenge zose nka pinholes cyangwa scratches. Ibizamini bya mashini bisuzuma imitungo nkubukomezi nimbaraga zingana kugirango hubahirizwe ibipimo byinganda.
Porogaramu ya Tinplate
Tinplate ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gupakira. Ubwiza bwayo buhebuje butuma ibumbabumbwa, ibipfundikizo, no gufunga. Amabati atanga inzitizi itekanye kubiribwa, birinda kwangirika no kwanduza. Byongeye kandi, tinplate ikoreshwa mubice byamashanyarazi, ibice byimodoka, nibikoresho byo murugo kubera kugurishwa kwayo no kurangiza neza.
Mubisabwa murwego rwibiribwa, tinplate ikoreshwa cyane mugupakira imboga zafunzwe, inyama, ibiryo byo mu nyanja, ibikomoka ku mata, hamwe n’ibinyobwa byifu. Ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge bwibiribwa kandi bitanga ubuso bwiza bwo gucapa neza cyangwa gutwikira lacquer.
Mu nganda zikoreshwa mu nganda, tinplate ikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo gusiga amarangi, ibikoresho bya aerosol, gushungura amavuta, kubika bateri, hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Imbaraga zayo, kugurishwa, hamwe no guhangana nikirere cyikirere bituma biba byiza kubikorwa-byo hejuru kandi bikabikwa igihe kirekire.
Ibintu byingenzi bituma tinplate ikwiranye na progaramu zitandukanye zirimo:
Kurwanya ruswa nziza cyane muri acide na alkaline
Kutagira uburozi no kubahiriza ibipimo by'isuku yo mu rwego rwo hejuru
Gusudira neza no kugurishwa
Gusohora neza no gushushanya kurangiza
Ikigereranyo cyimbaraga-z-uburemere
Gusubiramo nta gutesha agaciro imikorere yibintu
Udushya mu musaruro wa Tinplate
Iterambere rya vuba ryibanda ku kunoza imikorere no kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije. Gukomeza guterana no kuzunguruka byongereye umusaruro. Abashakashatsi barimo gushakisha ubundi buryo bwo gutwikira hamwe nuburyo bwo kugabanya imikoreshereze y amabati bitabangamiye ubuziranenge. Gusubiramo ibikorwa nabyo birahambaye, kuko tinplate isubirwamo 100% nta gutakaza ubuziranenge, ihuza n'intego zirambye.
Inzitizi mu Gukora Amabati
Nubwo ibyiza byayo, umusaruro wa tinplate uhura ningorabahizi nko guhindagura ibiciro fatizo hamwe no guhatanira kuva mubindi bikoresho bipakira nka plastiki na aluminium. Amabwiriza y’ibidukikije akenera uburyo bwo gukora neza, bigatuma inganda zikoresha uburyo burambye. Kuringaniza ibiciro, ubuziranenge, nibidukikije bikomeje guhangayikishwa nababikora.
Imigendekere yisoko ryisi yose
Isoko rya tinplate ririmo kwiyongera gahoro gahoro, bitewe nibisabwa mubukungu bugenda buzamuka. Uturere twa Aziya-Pasifika, cyane cyane Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde, biza ku isonga mu bicuruzwa no gukoresha. Guhanga udushya mu gupakira no kwibanda ku kwihaza mu biribwa bikomeje guteza imbere inganda. Ubufatanye hagati yabakora na imishinga igamije kuramba ni ugushiraho imbaraga zigihe kizaza.
Ingaruka ku bidukikije no Kuramba
Isubiramo rya Tinplate rifite uruhare runini mu kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije. Gutunganya tinplate bigabanya gukoresha ingufu kugera kuri 74% ugereranije no gukora ibyuma bishya. Byongeye kandi, hashyizweho ingufu zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu. Inganda zirimo gukora ubushakashatsi ku ikoreshwa ry’amavuta ashingiye kuri bio no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’imiti yangiza mu gutunganya.
Umwanzuro
Umusaruro wa Tinplate ninzira igoye ihuza ubuhanga bwibyuma nubuhanga bugezweho bwo gukora. Guhindura byinshi, kwiringirwa, n'umutekano bituma iba ingenzi mu biribwa, inganda, amashanyarazi, n'abaguzi. Gusobanukirwa uburyo tinplate ikorwa byerekana uburinganire bukomeye hagati yubumenyi bwibintu, ubwubatsi, hamwe no kwita kubidukikije. Inganda zigenda zitera imbere, guhanga udushya no gukomeza kuramba bizatuma tinplate ikomeza kuba ikintu cyingenzi ku isoko ryisi.
Kubindi bisobanuro kuri tinplate nibisabwa - harimo urupapuro rwubuhanga hamwe nimpamyabushobozi yubahirizwa - abahanga mu nganda barashobora gushakisha ibikoresho byatanzwe nabakora inganda zikomeye. Kongera ubumenyi muri kano karere bifasha gufata ibyemezo byiza muguhitamo ibikoresho kandi bigira uruhare mugutezimbere mubijyanye no gupakira ibyuma.
