Soudure (Soudure) ka baara Galvanized Steel tora wale jɔnjɔn ye izini dilanni ni jɔli injiniyɛri bɛɛ kɔnɔ. Zɛnki dacogo min bɛ mɛn, o bɛ sɔgɔli kɛcogo ɲuman di. O b’a to nin fɛn ninnu nafa ka bon kɛnɛyako gɛlɛnw na ani fɛnsɔrɔko porozɛw la minnu ka gɛlɛn.
Nka, ka o fɛnw fara ɲɔgɔn kan, o bɛ gɛlɛya danfaralenw lase nɛgɛko ni lakanako ma ni i y’a suma ni baara kɛli ye nɛgɛ gansanw kan. Zɛnki lakanani layini bɛ bɛnbaliya tilennenw lawuli. Aw bɛna ko dɔw sɔrɔ minnu ɲɛsinnen bɛ arc sabatili ma, weld pool saniya, ani baarakɛlaw ka kɛnɛya. Aw tɛ se ka kurunba dɔ gosi dɔrɔn finimugu kan ani ka joli saniyalen ni barikama makɔnɔ, k’a sɔrɔ a ma kɔlɔlɔ juguw lase aw ma.
Nin gafe in bɛ daliluw sigicogo dɔ di ɛntɛrinɛti injiniyɛriw ma, fɛn dilanni ɲɛmɔgɔw ani sannifeere jɛkuluw ma. An bɛna labɛnni wajibiyalenw jateminɛ, taabolo ɲuman sugandili, ani sariya labatoli kɔrɔlenw i n’a fɔ OSHA ani AWS. Aw bɛna a dɔn cogo min na aw bɛ se ka sigicogo dafalen mara ani k’aw ka baarakɛlaw lakana ka ɲɛ.
Takeaways (Takeaways) kunbabaw
A bɛ se ka kɛ kosɛbɛ ka nɛgɛ galvanisé solda, ni o kɛra ka tugu sanfɛla labɛnni gɛlɛnw kɔ ka kɔn solda ɲɛ ani solda kɔfɛ finimugu seginni (ASTM A780).
Zɛnki bɛ lafiɲɛ ni ~420°C ye, o bɛ na ni weld pool nɔgɔli ye, porosity, ani kɛnɛyako farati jugumanw (Metal Fume Fever) ni a ma ɲɛnabɔ ni PPE ni fiɲɛbɔcogo ɲuman ye.
Taabolo sugandili nafa ka bon : Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) ani Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW/Stick) bɛ trace zinc minɛ ka ɲɛ ka tɛmɛ Gas Metal Arc Welding (MIG) kan, ka sɔrɔ Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (TIG) ka kan ka kɔlɔsi kosɛbɛ ka da a kan u bɛ se ka trace zinc sɛgɛsɛgɛ kosɛbɛ.
Jagokɛcogo dafalen bɛ mara : ILZRO ka ɲininiw y’a jira ko welda min kɛra ka ɲɛ nɛgɛ galvanizelen kan, o bɛ bɛn nɛgɛ jogindaw ka kari gɛlɛya ni u sɛgɛn fanga ma minnu ma datugu.
Fiziki min bɛ sɔrɔ nɛgɛ galvanisé soudure la: Farati minnu bɛ sɔrɔ jɔli la
Walasa k’a faamu mun na galvanized material tɛ taamacogo jugu kɛ arc jukɔrɔ, i ka kan ka thermodynamique jukɔrɔla lajɛ. O ko koloma bɛ sɔrɔ funteni danfaraba la min bɛ lakanani fini ni nɛgɛ basigilen cɛ.
Zɛnki bɛ wuli ni a hakɛ bɛ se 420°C ma. A bɛ Lafiɲɛbɔ pewu 906°C (1663°F) lamini na. Karɔbɔli nɛgɛ bɛ funteni caman de wajibiya walasa ka wuli, a ka c’a la, a bɛ 1370°C ni 1500°C cɛ (2500°F fo 2732°F). Ni aw ye welding arc kɛ, zinki layini bɛ wuli ka kɛ gazi wulibali ye kabini tuma jan sani a jukɔrɔla nɛgɛ yɛrɛ ka daminɛ ka jilama kɛ.
Minɛ |
Fɛn min bɛ kɛ ka fɛnw wuli |
Lafiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ (Point de vaporisation). |
Taamacogo min bɛ Arc |
Nɛgɛ min bɛ wele ko Carbon Steel |
~1370°C - 1500°C ye |
~3000°C ye |
A bɛ kɛ jidagayɔrɔ wulilen sabatilen ye |
Zɛnki Dacogo |
~420°C ye |
~906°C ye |
A bɛ vaporize (lafiɲɛbɔ) kɛ ni explosive (bɔgɔlan) ye |
Ni a ma nɔgɔya, o zinki min bɛ kɛ ni lafiɲɛbɔ ye, o bɛ siri welda jidagayɔrɔ kɔnɔ min bɛ gɛlɛya. Gazi bugunw bɛ kɛlɛ kɛ walasa ka bɔ nɛgɛ jilama sɔgɔlen na sanni a ka nɛnɛ. O minɛni in bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka kɔnɔnatumu jugumanba bila mɔgɔ la. Aw bɛna a ye fana ko slag girinmanw donna a la ani fusion dɛsɛ tuma caman na welda senkɔniw kɛrɛfɛ.
Welding directly over the coating bɛ to ka kɛ jɔli jalakiba ye. Aw ka kan ka zinki kɛ nɔgɔ faratilen ye funteni bɛ yɔrɔ min na teliya la (HAZ). Ni aw b’a ɲini ka jeni ka tɛmɛ finimugu fɛ k’a sɔrɔ aw ma labɛn, o bɛna kolotugudaw fanga tiɲɛ ani ka kɛ sababu ye ka sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ caya kojugu, min tɛ se ka fɔ ka ɲɛ.
Kɛnɛyako faratiw ni sigida lamini sariya labatoli (OSHA & AWS sariyaw) .
Ka fara jɔli nafamafɛnw kan, zinki min bɛ kɛ lafiɲɛbɔ ye, o bɛ faratiba lase fɛnɲɛnamaw ma. Ni arc (arc) ye finimugu gosi, a bɛ zinki ɔkisizɛni sisi finmanba bɔ. Nin sisi toxic ninnu fiyɛli bɛ na ni bana dɔ ye min bɛ wele ko Metal Fume Fever.
Nɛgɛ sisi Sumaya bɛ taamasiɲɛ jugumanw bila mɔgɔ la, minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ mura. Baarakɛlaw bɛ to ka farigan jugumanba, fariganba, kɔnɔboli, sɛgɛn, ani dumuni duman danfaralen dɔ fɔ da kɔnɔ. A ka ca a la, o taamasiɲɛw bɛ kɛ lɛri damadɔw baarakɛwaati bannen kɔfɛ. U bɛ se ka baarakɛla dɔ kɛ sebali ye pewu.
O baarakɛyɔrɔ in bɛ nsiirin faratilen caman mara ka ɲɛsin zinki baga ma. An ka kan ka ɲɛnamayako yɛrɛ ɲɛfɔ walasa ka baarakɛlaw lakana ka ɲɛ.
A fɔlɔ, zinki bɛ se ka wuli ji la. Adamaden farikolo bɛ a fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw Kɛ k’a Bɔ a la waati tɛmɛnen kɔ. A tɛ i n’a fɔ plɔmu walima chrome hexavalente tali, zinki ɔkisidi fiyɛli tɛ kɛ sababu ye ka nɛgɛ gɛlɛnw dalajɛ waati jan kɔnɔ. Bana in bɛ to ka mɔgɔ fanga dɔgɔya kosɛbɛ fo lɛri 24 fo lɛri 48, nka a man teli ka tiɲɛni basigilen kɛ farikolo la.
Filanan, nɔnɔ min bɛ mɔgɔ tanga biologiki zeru ma ka bɔ ɔkisizɛni zinki fiyɛli la. O bɛ to sen na i n’a fɔ butikiw kɔnɔ nsiirin min jɛnsɛnnen don kosɛbɛ. Nɔnɔ bɛ taa kɔnɔbara la. Sisi bɛ taa fogonfogon la. Ka i jigi da nɔnɔ kan i n’a fɔ lafasali fɛɛrɛ, o bɛ baarakɛlaw bila farati la.
OSHA ka sariyaw ni ANSI/ASC Z-49.1 sariyaw labatoli kosɛbɛ, o bɛ baarakɛyɔrɔ lakananen sabati. Aw ka kan ka ɛntɛrinɛti kɔlɔsili ni aw yɛrɛ tangalan ɲumanw waleya.
Source Extraction: Aw bɛ sigida la fiɲɛbɔlan bila ka ɲɛsin welda yɔrɔ ma. Sisi bɔbagaw ka kan ka sisi sama ka bɔ baarakɛla ka ninakiliyɔrɔ la.
Ninakili lakanani : Baarakɛlaw ka kan ka ninakiliminɛnw don minnu bɛ ni masike tilancɛ ye, minnu bɛ ni P100 HEPA filɛriw ye.
Sisitɛmu kɔrɔlenw: Ni aw bɛ yɔrɔ datugulenw na walima ni u bɛ to ka baara kɛ, aw bɛ yamaruya di ka baara kɛ ni Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPR) ye minnu bɛ don welding kasɛtiw kɔnɔ.
Fiɲɛbɔcogo bɛɛ lajɛlen : Aw ye aw jija butikiw lamini fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔw bɛ sigida lakanani hakɛ fitininw dafa.
Labɛnni ka kɔn weld ɲɛ: '1-4 Inch' sariya
Surface labɛnni de bɛ joli in ka ɲɛtaa laban fɔ. Ameriki Welding Society bɛ laadilikan gɛlɛnw fɔ AWS D-19.0 kɔnɔ nɛgɛ dabɔlenw labɛnni na. Sariya fɔlɔ b’a ɲini baarakɛlaw fɛ u ka zinki dacogo bɔ santimɛtɛrɛ 1 fo santimɛtɛrɛ 4 (a dɔgɔyalenba milimɛtɛrɛ 10-25) ka bɔ welda jɛkulu laɲininen fan fila bɛɛ la.
Fɛɛrɛ fɔlɔ fila bɛ aw bolo walasa ka finimugu saniya. Nafa ni dan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw bɛ fɛɛrɛ kelen-kelen bɛɛ la.
Masina bɔli (A ka fisa): Aw bɛ baara kɛ ni disiki gɛlɛn ye min bɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔ walima ni abrasive flap wheel ye. Aw bɛ joli in sɔgɔ ka jigin fo ka se nɛgɛ jɛlen ma, nɛgɛ jɛlen. Nin fɛɛrɛ in bɛ teliya ani a bɛ nɔ bɔ kosɛbɛ. Nka, aw ka sɔn a waleyali farati ma. Hali ni a sɔgɔra kosɛbɛ, tuma caman na, o bɛ zinki taamasiɲɛ fitininw to nɛgɛdaga kɔnɔ.
Furakɛcogo: Aw bɛ furakisɛ dɔ kɛ i n’a fɔ asidi muriyatiki min ni vinigari finman faralen don ɲɔgɔn kan. O bɛ zinki bɔ ka saniya ka sɔrɔ a ma nɛgɛ basigilen bɔ. Aw ka kan ka neutralisation strict dege o kɔfɛ. Ni aw ma asidi ko ani ka a kɛ fɛn ye min tɛ fɛn wɛrɛ ye, o bɛ teliya ka flash rusting bila nɛgɛ la min bɛ kɛnɛ kan.
Skala bɛ i ka labɛn kɛcogo ɲɛfɔ. Boli kuntaalajanbaw ɲɛnabɔli ka bɔ a galvanized steel coil ka teli ka kɛ ni otomatiki masin brushing walima localized induction heating ye ka kɔn welding station ɲɛ. O ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ, ladamu fɛn dilanni kelen kan a ka c’a la, nɛgɛdaga galvanized bɛ bolola flap-disc grinding kɛ sugandili ye min musaka ka dɔgɔ ani min bɛ se ka kɛ.
Welding Process Evaluation ka ɲɛsin fɛnw ma minnu dilannen don ni galvanize ye
Ka finimugu bɔ ka ɲɛ, o man teli ka kɛ foro cogoyaw la. A ka c’a la, zinki taamasiɲɛ mikoroskɔpi bɛ to. O la, aw ka kan ka welding kɛcogo dɔ sugandi min bɛ se ka nɔgɔ misɛnninw muɲu.
Welding (Sɛbɛnni) Taabolo |
Trace Zinc Tolerance (Zinki muɲuni). |
Fɛn minnu bɛ kɛ ni fɛnw ye minnu bɛ ladilikan di |
Baarakɛcogo bɛnnen |
FCAW (Flux-Cored) ye . |
Jamanjan |
Filɛri min bɛ ni kala fila ye walima min bɛ a yɛrɛ tanga |
Jago gɛlɛnw, kɛnɛma foro baara |
SMAW (Baara) . |
Jamanjan |
E7018 elekitorozɛni minnu ka idɔrɔzi ka dɔgɔn |
Ladonni, dakunw minnu ka bon |
GMAW (MIG) ye . |
Ka bɛrɛbɛn |
ER70S-6 ka fili solide |
Teliyaba bɔli, sɛbɛn finmanw |
GTAW (TIG) ye . |
Fu |
N/A |
A fari fagara kosɛbɛ |
FCAW (Flux-Cored) & SMAW (Stick): Nin wale ninnu bɛ muɲuliba jira zinki nɔnabila la. Flux agents minnu bɛ don electrodes kɔnɔ, olu bɛ lafiɲɛ joona jidagayɔrɔ wulilen kɔnɔ. U bɛ jidagayɔrɔ in sɛgɛsɛgɛ ni timinandiya ye, ka nɔgɔw ni gazi minɛlenw kɔrɔta ka bɔ ka don sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ la. SMAW baarakɛcogo la, ɛntɛrinɛti injiniyɛriw bɛ E7018 elekitorozɛni minnu ka hidrɔzɛni dɔgɔya, olu laadi kosɛbɛ. U bɛ welda barikamaw dilan, minnu bɛ se ka wuli hali ni finimugu misɛnninw tora.
GMAW (MIG): MIG min bɛ kɛ ni nɛgɛ gɛlɛn ye, o bɛ baara teliya ɲuman di. A bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la finmanw kan galvanized nɛgɛdaga sɛbɛnw lajɛlenw. Nka, MIG tɛ ni fluxing agents actives ye. A bɛ paramɛtiriw kɔlɔsili gɛlɛn de wajibiya. Aw ka kan ka baara kɛ ni funteni dɔgɔman doncogo fɛɛrɛw ye i n’a fɔ kurukuruni walima fiyɛli ni sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ. Aw bɛ baara kɛ ni ER70S-6 nɛgɛ ye tuma bɛɛ. Silisiyɔmu ni manganɛsi minnu farala ER70S-6 kan, olu bɛ kɛ i n’a fɔ deoxydateurs, o bɛ dɛmɛ ka biɲɛ flakɛ ani ka kɔnɔna porosité kɛlɛ.
GTAW (TIG) – The Exclusion Zone : Foro kɔnɔ ko kɛlenw b’a jira ko TIG bɛ kɛ i n’a fɔ sugo jugu nin fɛnw kan. Tungsten electrode min tɛ se ka dun, o bɛ saniya bɛɛ lajɛlen de wajibiya. A bɛ nɔgɔya o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ la ni zinki taamasiɲɛ o trace ye min ma sɔrɔ prep waati la. Arc bɛna daji bɔ, ka yaala-yaala, ka laban ka faga. Aw bɛ TIG bɔ aw ka baarakɛtaw la pewu fo ni aw bɛ baara kɛ ni nɛgɛ jɛlen ye min sɛgɛsɛgɛra 100%.
Jɛkulu ka jogoɲumanya sabatili ani Weld kɔfɛ seginkanni
Fɛn dilannikɛla caman bɛ hami o lajɛw dannayako la waatijan kɔnɔ. U bɛ ɲininkali Kɛ ni fɛnw cogoyaw bɛ Dɔgɔya funteni-sɛnɛ waati la.
Duniya bɛɛ ka zinki ɲinini jɛkulu (ILZRO) ye farikolo sɛgɛsɛgɛli caman kɛ o joli ninnu kan. Masina cogoyaw bɛ To u cogo la pewu. ILZRO ka kunnafoniw b’a jira ko galvanize joints welded ka ɲɛ, u bɛ tensile strength, bend radii, ani impact performance kelen jira ni i y’a suma ni nɛgɛso lajɛlenw ye minnu ma datugu.
Nka, a ka ca a la, mikro-poroziti misɛnniw bɛ to sen na. Aw bɛ se ka porosité sɛgɛn musaka bɔ ni ɛntɛrinɛti fɛɛrɛ hakilitigiw ye. Ni jogindaw bɛ sɛgɛn sɛgɛnba doni cyclique la, ɛntɛrinɛti injiniyɛriw bɛ to ka 'oversized welds.' fɔ. O farikolo bonya in bɛ degun bɛɛ lajɛlen hakɛ dɔgɔya. A bɛ zinki penetrator intergranular cracking bali ka jɛnsɛn ka tɛmɛ a ju fɛ.
A laban na, sɔgɔli ni sɔgɔli bɛ saraka barika tiɲɛ. Aw ka kan ka solda kɔfɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ lakanani waleya walasa ka fiɲɛ nɔgɔ teliya bali. Aw ye ASTM A780 sariya labatoli gɛlɛn jira walasa ka lakanani layini segin a cogo kɔrɔ la.
Aw bɛ penti minnu falen don zinki la, olu baaracogo ɲɛfɔ, minnu bɛ wele ko nɛnɛ galvanizing spray. Aw bɛ o kɛ kosɛbɛ HAZ ni dugukolo yɔrɔ bɛɛ la. Aw bɛ a lajɛ ni filimu jalen janya ka bɛn a lamini ni funteni-ji-yɔrɔ ye. Ni jɔli yɔrɔbaw ka bon, nɛgɛdaga sumayalen (zinki fiyɛli) bɛ jɛɲɔgɔnya ɲuman di, min bɛ se ka kɛ izini na. ASTM A780 nɔfɛ, o b’a to joginni kura weldalen bɛ se ka ɲɛnamaya kɛcogo bɛn sɔrɔ ka kɛɲɛ ni finimugu fɔlɔ ye min bɛ kɛ ni funteni ye.
Kuncɛli
O lakanani nɛgɛw sɔgɔli bɛ se ka kɛ pewu jɔli ni izini baarakɛcogo la. Aw ka kan ka gɛrɛ a la i n’a fɔ taabolo min bɛ kɔlɔsi kosɛbɛ sanni ka kɛ sira surun ye min bɛ wele ko direct-weld. Labɛnni fɛɛrɛw tɛmɛni bɛ jɔli dafalenya ni hadamadenw ka lakana bɛɛ tiɲɛ. Ni aw ye waati ta ka joli bɔ a la, o bɛ a to a ka don a kɔnɔ ka dun, ka a to a ka sabati, ani ka a to a ka baara kɛ ka ɲɛ.
Walasa ka aw ka fɛn dilanni sɔrɔcogo ɲɛ, aw bɛ nin fɛɛrɛ nataw tigɛ teliya la:
Aw ye aw ka sisan sigida la sisi bɔcogo jateminɛ walasa ka a dɔn ko a minɛni teliya bɛ se ka kɛ.
Aw bɛ aw ka WPS (Welding Procedure Specifications) kura ye walasa ka zinki bɔli yɔrɔ minnu bɛ se santimɛtɛrɛ 1 fo 4 ma, olu jira ka jɛya.
Aw bɛ aw ka fɛnw kɛ minnu bɛ se ka maga ɲɔgɔn na, aw bɛ aw ka fɛnw kɛ cogo kelen na walasa u ka bɛn kosɛbɛ ASTM A780 filimu jalen janya wajibiyalenw ma.
Aw bɛ baarakɛcogo sɛgɛsɛgɛlenw wuli ka bɔ TIG la ani ka FCAW walima MIG min bɛ wuli ni wuli ye, o waleya walasa ka nɔgɔ muɲu ka ɲɛ.
Ɲininkaliw
J: Yala nɛgɛ galvanisé soudure bɛ nɛgɛ barika dɔgɔya wa?
A: Ayi, ni a labɛnna ka ɲɛ, a sɔgɔli fanga ni a kari gɛlɛya bɛ to i n’a fɔ nɛgɛ min ma datugu. Ni aw ye zinki bɔ sani aw ka arc gosi, o bɛ a to a ka don ka ɲɛ ani ka a jɔcogo nafamaba bali.
J: Yala ne bɛ se ka nɔnɔ min walasa ka nɛgɛ sisi sumaya bali wa?
A: A tɛ ten abada. Nɔnɔ tɛ ninakili lakanani si di. A bɛ taa dumunikɛminɛnw na, ka lafasali zeru di i fogonfogon ma. Soso bɔli dɔrɔn ni PPE ɲuman (i n’a fɔ P100 ninakiliminɛnw) de bɛ faratiba bali ka kɛ zinki ɔkisidi la.
J: Yala ne bɛ se ka baara kɛ ni TIG ye walasa ka nɛgɛ galvanisé welda wa?
A: A bɛ mɔgɔ fari faga kosɛbɛ. TIG bɛ yɔrɔ saniyalen kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen de wajibiya. Hali zinki tolen min bɛ to a sɔgɔli gɛlɛn kɔfɛ, o bɛna tungsten elekitorode nɔgɔ kosɛbɛ, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka arc ka yaala, ka daji da, ka laban ka dɛsɛ.
J: Ne ka kan ka galvanizing sɔgɔ ka taa kɔfɛ fo yɔrɔ jumɛn sani ka welding kɛ?
A: Industriw ka sariyaw (i n’a fɔ AWS D-19.0) b’a jira ko a ka kan ka santimɛtɛrɛ 1 fo 4 bɔ welda yɔrɔ la. Nin tampon kɔrɔlen in bɛ lamini funteni bali ka lamini zinki kɛ lafiɲɛbɔ ye ani k’a sama ka don welda jidagayɔrɔ wulilen kɔnɔ.
