Kuwotcherera Galvanized Steel imakhalabe njira yokhazikika pamafakitale ndi uinjiniya wamapangidwe. Kupaka kwa zinc kokhazikika kumapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu izi zikhale zofunika kwambiri pamayendedwe akunja akunja komanso mapulojekiti ofunikira.
Komabe, kujowina izi kumabweretsa zovuta zachitsulo ndi chitetezo poyerekeza ndi kugwira ntchito pazitsulo zopanda mpweya. Chitetezo cha zinc chimayambitsa mikangano yolunjika. Mudzakumana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kukhazikika kwa arc, kuyera kwa ma weld pool, komanso thanzi la ogwira ntchito. Simungangogunda chotchinga ndikuyembekeza kuti chilumikizanocho chikhale choyera komanso cholimba popanda zotsatirapo zoyipa.
Bukhuli limapereka chikhazikitso chozikidwa pa umboni kwa mainjiniya, oyang'anira zabodza, ndi magulu ogula zinthu. Tidzawunika zofunikira zokonzekera, kusankha njira yoyenera, ndi mfundo zofunika kutsatira monga OSHA ndi AWS. Muphunzira momwe mungasungire umphumphu wamapangidwe ndikuteteza ogwira nawo ntchito moyenera.
Zofunika Kwambiri
Ndizotheka kuwotcherera zitsulo zokhala ndi malata, ngati kukonzekera kokhazikika kusanachitike komanso kubwezeretsanso zokutira pambuyo pa kuwotcherera (ASTM A780) kumatsatiridwa.
Zinc imasungunuka pa ~ 420 ° C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma weld pool aipitsidwe, porosity, ndi zoopsa za thanzi (Metal Fume Fever) ngati siziyendetsedwa ndi PPE yoyenera ndi mpweya wabwino.
Nkhani yosankha njira: Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) ndi Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW/Stick) imanyamula zinc bwino kuposa Gas Metal Arc Welding (MIG), pomwe Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (TIG) iyenera kupewedwa mwachangu chifukwa cha chidwi kwambiri pakufufuza zinc.
Kukhulupirika kwamapangidwe kumasungidwa: Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa ILZRO, chowotcherera chomwe chimayikidwa bwino pazitsulo zokhala ndi malata chikufanana ndi kulimba kwa fracture ndi kutopa kwamalo olumikizirana zitsulo zosatsekedwa.
Physics of Welding galvanized Steel: Zowopsa Zamapangidwe
Kuti mumvetse chifukwa chake zinthu zopangira malata sizikuyenda bwino pansi pa arc, muyenera kuyang'ana pansi pa thermodynamics. Vuto lalikulu lagona pakusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa zokutira zoteteza ndi zitsulo zoyambira.
Zinc imasungunuka pa 420 ° C (788 ° F). Imaphwera mozungulira 906°C (1663°F). Chitsulo cha mpweya chimafuna kutentha kwambiri kuti chisungunuke, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 1370 ° C ndi 1500 ° C (2500 ° F mpaka 2732 ° F). Mukayika chitsulo chowotcherera, nthaka yosanjikiza ya zinki imasanduka mpweya wosasunthika kale chitsulo chapansicho chisanayambe kusungunuka.
Zakuthupi |
Melting Point |
vaporization Point |
Khalidwe Under Arc |
Chitsulo cha Carbon |
~1370°C -1500°C |
~ 3000°C |
Amapanga dziwe losungunuka lokhazikika |
Kupaka kwa Zinc |
~ 420°C |
~ 906°C |
Amapuma kwambiri |
Ngati sichingathetsedwe, zinc iyi imatsekeredwa mkati mwa dziwe lolimba. Mpweya wa gasi umavutikira kuthawa chitsulo chamadzimadzi cha viscous chisanawume. Izi zimayambitsa porosity kwambiri mkati. Mudzawonanso zolemetsa za slag komanso kusowa kwaphatikizidwe pafupipafupi ndi zala za weld.
Kuwotcherera mwachindunji pamwamba pa zokutira kumakhalabe vuto lalikulu lachimangidwe. Muyenera kuchitira zinki wosanjikiza ngati chodetsa chowopsa mkati mwa madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi kutentha (HAZ). Kuyesera kulikonse kuwotcha kupyolera mu zokutira popanda kukonzekera kudzasokoneza mphamvu ya mgwirizano ndikuyambitsa spatter yochuluka, yosayembekezereka.
Zowopsa Zaumoyo ndi Kutsata Kwachilengedwe (OSHA & AWS Miyezo)
Kuphatikiza pa zovuta zamapangidwe, zinc vaporizing imapereka chiwopsezo chachikulu chachilengedwe. Arc ikagunda zokutira, imatulutsa utsi wandiweyani, woyera wa zinc oxide. Kukoka utsi wapoizoni umenewu kumatsogolera ku matenda otchedwa Metal Fume Fever.
Metal Fume Fever imayambitsa zizindikiro zowopsa, ngati chimfine. Ogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri amafotokoza kuzizira koopsa, kutentha thupi kwambiri, nseru, kutopa, komanso kutsekemera kwapadera mkamwa. Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimawonekera patatha maola angapo kusintha kutatha. Angathe kulepheretsa wogwiritsa ntchito.
Makampaniwa ali ndi nthano zambiri zowopsa zokhudzana ndi kawopsedwe ka zinc. Tiyenera kufotokozera biology yeniyeni kuti titeteze ogwira ntchito moyenera.
Choyamba, zinki ndi zosungunuka m'madzi. Thupi la munthu limagaya ndikutulutsa m'kupita kwanthawi. Mosiyana ndi kuwonekera kwa lead kapena hexavalent chromium, kupuma kwa zinc oxide sikupangitsa kuti zitsulo zolemera ziwunjikane kwanthawi yayitali. Matendawa amakhalabe ofooketsa kwambiri kwa maola 24 mpaka 48, koma nthawi zambiri samayambitsa kuwonongeka kwadongosolo.
Chachiwiri, kumwa mkaka kumapereka ziro chitetezo chachilengedwe ku zinc oxide inhalation. Izi zikupitirirabe ngati nthano yofala ya m'masitolo. Mkaka umapita kumimba. Utsi umapita ku mapapo. Kudalira mkaka ngati njira yodzitetezera kumayika ogwira ntchito pachiwopsezo chachindunji.
Kutsatira mwamphamvu malamulo a OSHA ndi miyezo ya ANSI/ASC Z-49.1 kumatsimikizira malo ogwirira ntchito otetezeka. Muyenera kukhazikitsa zowongolera mainjiniya ndi zida zoyenera zodzitetezera.
Kutulutsa Kochokera: Ikani mpweya wabwino wautsi wokhazikika pamalo omwe akuwotcherera. Zotulutsa fume ziyenera kukokera utsiwo kutali ndi malo opumira a wogwiritsa ntchitoyo.
Chitetezo Pakupuma: Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuvala zopumira za theka zokhala ndi zosefera za P100 HEPA.
Advanced Systems: Kwa malo otsekedwa kapena kupanga kosalekeza, lamulani kugwiritsa ntchito Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPR) yophatikizidwa mu zipewa zowotcherera.
General Ventilation: Onetsetsani kuti malo ogulitsira mpweya amakumana ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe.
Kukonzekera kwa Weld Pre-Weld: Lamulo la '1-4 Inch'.
Kukonzekera pamwamba kumatanthauza kupambana kwakukulu kwa mgwirizano. Bungwe la American Welding Society limapereka malangizo okhwima pansi pa AWS D-19.0 pokonzekera zitsulo zokutira. Muyezo wovomerezeka umafuna kuti ogwira ntchito achotse zokutira zinki 1 mpaka 4 mainchesi (10-25mm osachepera) mbali zonse za cholumikizira chomwe akufuna.
Muli ndi njira ziwiri zoyambirira zochotsera zokutira. Njira iliyonse ili ndi ubwino wake ndi zolepheretsa.
Kuchotsa Mwamakina (Zokondeka): Gwiritsani ntchito chimbale cholimba chogayira kapena gudumu la abrasive flap. Pogaya cholowacho mpaka kukhala chitsulo chowala, chopanda kanthu. Njirayi ndiyofulumira komanso yothandiza kwambiri. Komabe, vomerezani kuopsa kwa kukhazikitsa. Ngakhale kugaya mwamphamvu nthawi zambiri kumasiya zinki zazing'ono zomwe zili muzitsulo.
Kuchotsa Mankhwala: Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala etchant monga muriatic acid pamodzi ndi vinyo wosasa woyera. Izi zimachotsa zinki bwino popanda kuchotsa zitsulo zoyambira. Muyenera kuchita neutralization pambuyo pake. Kulephera kutsuka ndi kusokoneza asidi nthawi yomweyo kumayambitsa dzimbiri lofulumira pazitsulo zowonekera.
Scale imatchula njira yanu yokonzekera. Kugwira ntchito zazikulu mosalekeza kuchokera ku a zitsulo zopangira malata nthawi zambiri zimafuna kupukuta ndi mawotchi kapena kutenthetsa m'malo mwamalo opangira kuwotcherera. M'malo mwake, kupangidwa kokhazikika pamtundu umodzi pepala kanasonkhezereka zitsulo zambiri kupanga Buku flap-chimbale akupera kwambiri mtengo ndi zothandiza kusankha.
Kuwunika kwa Njira Yowotcherera Pazida Zamagalasi
Kuchotsa zokutira mwangwiro sikutheka kutheka m'munda. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta zinki nthawi zambiri timakhalabe. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusankha njira yowotcherera yomwe imatha kulekerera kuipitsidwa pang'ono.
Njira Yowotcherera |
Tsatirani Kulekerera kwa Zinc |
Consumables analimbikitsa |
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kuyenerera |
FCAW (Flux-Cored) |
Wapamwamba |
Waya wodziteteza pawiri kapena wodzitchinjiriza |
Zomangamanga zolemera, ntchito zakunja zakunja |
SMAW (Ndodo) |
Wapamwamba |
E7018 otsika-hydrogen maelekitirodi |
Kukonza, zigawo zokhuthala |
GMAW (MIG) |
Wapakati |
ER70S-6 waya wolimba |
Kupanga kothamanga kwambiri, masamba owonda |
GTAW (TIG) |
Zero |
N / A |
Kukhumudwa kwambiri |
FCAW (Flux-Cored) & SMAW (Ndodo): Njirazi zikuwonetsa kulolerana kwakukulu pakufufuza nthaka. Zotulutsa zomwe zimapangidwira mu maelekitirodi zimatuluka nthunzi mwachangu mu dziwe losungunuka. Iwo mwachangu amasakaza chithaphwi, kunyamula zonyansa ndi kutsekereza mpweya mumsewu wa slag. Pantchito za SMAW, mainjiniya amalimbikitsa kwambiri ma elekitirodi a E7018 otsika-hydrogen. Amapanga ma welds amphamvu, a ductile ngakhale zotsalira zazing'ono zokutira zimakhalabe.
GMAW (MIG): Waya Wolimba MIG imapereka liwiro labwino kwambiri lopanga. Zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pakuwonda misonkhano yazitsulo zazitsulo zotayidwa . Komabe, MIG ilibe othandizira osinthasintha. Pamafunika zolimba chizindikiro kulamulira. Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolowera kutentha pang'ono monga kusamutsa kwafupipafupi kapena pulsed-spray. Gwiritsani ntchito waya wa ER70S-6 nthawi zonse. Silicon yowonjezeredwa ndi manganese mu ER70S-6 imakhala ngati deoxidizer, kuthandiza kufewetsa mkanda ndi kuthana ndi porosity yamkati.
GTAW (TIG) - Malo Opatula: Zochitika zakumunda zimatsimikizira kuti TIG imakhala ngati maloto owopsa pazinthu izi. Elekitirodi ya tungsten yosagwiritsidwa ntchito imafuna chiyero chonse. Imayipitsidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi zinc zilizonse zomwe zasowa pokonzekera. Arc idzalavulira, kuyendayenda, ndipo pamapeto pake kuzimitsa. Osapatula TIG ku ntchito zanu pokhapokha mutagwira ntchito pazitsulo zopanda kanthu zotsimikizika 100%.
Joint Quality Assurance ndi Post-Weld Restoration
Opanga ambiri amadandaula za kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa misonkhanoyi. Amakayikira ngati zinthu zakuthupi zimawonongeka panthawi ya kutentha.
International Lead Zinc Research Organisation (ILZRO) idachita kuyezetsa thupi kwakukulu pamalumikizidwe awa. The makina katundu amakhalabe kwathunthu. Zambiri za ILZRO zimatsimikizira kuti zolumikizira zokokedwa bwino zimawonetsa mphamvu zofananira, ma radii opindika, komanso magwiridwe antchito poyerekeza ndi zida zachitsulo zosaphimbidwa.
Komabe, micro-porosity nthawi zambiri imapitilirabe. Mutha kulipira kutopa kwa porosity pogwiritsa ntchito njira zaukadaulo zanzeru. Kwa mafupa omwe ali ndi kutopa kwambiri kwapang'onopang'ono, mainjiniya nthawi zambiri amatchula 'zowotcherera mokulirapo.' Kuchulukitsa pang'ono kukula kwa fillet kumachotsa mphamvu yotayika ku micro-porosity. Kukula kwathupi kumeneku kumachepetsa kupsinjika konseko. Zimalepheretsa zinc penetrator intergranular cracking kuti isafalikire muzu.
Pomaliza, kugaya ndi kuwotcherera kumawononga chotchinga chansembe. Muyenera kukhazikitsa post-weld dzimbiri kuteteza dzimbiri mofulumira mumlengalenga. Fotokozani kutsatira mosamalitsa muyezo wa ASTM A780 pakubwezeretsanso gawo loteteza.
Tchulani kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka utoto wokhala ndi zinc, womwe umadziwika kuti ozizira galvanizing spray. Ikani izi kwambiri pa HAZ ndi madera onse apansi. Onetsetsani kuti makulidwe a filimu yowuma akugwirizana ndi malo ozungulira otentha. Kwa mamembala okulirapo, kutenthetsa zitsulo (kupopera zinki) kumapereka chomangira chapamwamba, cha fakitale. Kutsatira ASTM A780 kumawonetsetsa kuti cholumikizira chatsopanocho chimakwaniritsa mgwirizano wanthawi zonse pamodzi ndi zokutira zoyambira zotentha.
Mapeto
Kuwotcherera ma alloys oteteza awa ndikotheka pantchito zamapangidwe ndi mafakitale. Muyenera kuyiwona ngati njira yoyendetsedwa bwino osati njira yachidule yowotcherera. Kudumpha masitepe okonzekera kumasokoneza kukhulupirika ndi chitetezo cha anthu. Kutenga nthawi yovula cholumikizira kumatsimikizira kulowa mwakuya, ma arcs okhazikika, komanso magwiridwe antchito amphamvu.
Kuti muwonjezere zokolola zanu, tsatirani izi:
Yang'anani malo omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito pochotsa fume kuti muwonetsetse kuthamanga kokwanira.
Sinthani WPS yanu (Zofotokozera za Welding Procedure) kuti ziwonetseretu mtunda wa 1 mpaka 4 inchi wochotsa zinki.
Sinthani zinthu zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito pambuyo pa weld touch-up kuti zigwirizane ndi ASTM A780 youma makulidwe a kanema.
Sinthani mapulogalamu okhudzidwa kutali ndi TIG ndikugwiritsa ntchito zishango ziwiri za FCAW kapena pulsed MIG kuti mulole kulekerera zonyansa.
FAQ
Q: Kodi kuwotcherera chitsulo kanasonkhezereka kufooketsa chitsulo?
A: Ayi. Mukakonzekera bwino, kulimba kwamphamvu ndi kulimba kwa fracture kumakhalabe kofanana ndi chitsulo chosatsekedwa. Kuchotsa zinki wosanjikiza musanayambe kumenya arc kumatsimikizira kulowa bwino ndikupewa zolakwika zazikulu zamapangidwe.
Funso: Kodi ndingamwe mkaka kuti ndipewe kuzizira kwachitsulo?
A: Ayi ndithu. Mkaka supereka chitetezo cha kupuma. Zimalowa m'matumbo, zomwe zimapereka chitetezo cha zero pamapapo anu. Kuchotsa gwero kokha ndi PPE yoyenera (monga zopumira za P100) zimateteza kuopsa kwa zinc oxide.
Q: Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito TIG kuwotcherera zitsulo?
A: Zakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri. TIG imafuna malo oyera kwambiri. Ngakhale zotsalira za zinki zazing'ono zomwe zimatsalira pambuyo pogaya mwamphamvu zimatha kuyipitsa ma elekitirodi a tungsten, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti arc ayambe kuyendayenda, kulavulira, ndipo pamapeto pake kulephera.
Q: Kodi ndiyenera kugaya malata kutali bwanji ndisanawotchere?
A: Miyezo yamakampani (monga AWS D-19.0) imalamula kuchotsa mainchesi 1 mpaka 4 kuchokera kudera la weld. Chotchinga chovutachi chimalepheretsa kutentha kwapakati kuti zisagwetse zinki yozungulira ndikuyikokera mu dziwe losungunuka.
