Welding ƒe dɔwɔwɔ Galvanized Steel gakpɔtɔ nye nuwɔna si wozãna ɖaa le dɔwɔƒewo ƒe nuwɔwɔ kple xɔtuɖaŋudɔwo katã me. Zinc si wotsɔ blae si nɔa anyi didina la naa nutete nyuie ŋutɔ le xɔxlɔ̃ nu. Esia na be nu siawo hiã vevie na gota gome nɔnɔme sesẽwo kple xɔtuɖaŋudɔ siwo bia nu geɖe.
Gake nu siawo ƒoƒo ƒu hea gaŋutinunya kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe kuxi vovovowo vɛ ne wotsɔe sɔ kple dɔwɔwɔ le gakpo siwo me carbon mele o ŋu. Zinc si kpɔa ame ta la hea masɔmasɔwo vɛ tẽ. Àdo go nya siwo ku ɖe arc ƒe liƒo, weld pool ƒe dzadzɛnyenye, kple dɔwɔlawo ƒe lãmesẽ ŋu. Màte ŋu aƒo akasanu ɖe nusi wotsɔ blae dzi ko akpɔ mɔ be ƒunukpeƒe dzadzɛ si sesẽ la nanɔ eŋu evɔ emetsonu sesẽ aɖeke manɔ eme o.
Mɔfiame sia na ɖoɖo si wotu ɖe kpeɖodziwo dzi na mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo, adzɔnuwo wɔwɔ dzikpɔlawo, kple nuƒlelawo ƒe ƒuƒoƒowo. Míada dzadzraɖo ƒe nudidi siwo wòle be woawɔ, dɔwɔwɔ ƒe tiatia nyuitɔ, kple sedziwɔwɔ ƒe dzidzenu veviwo abe OSHA kple AWS ene akpɔ. Àsrɔ̃ alesi nàlé xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe fɔmaɖimaɖi me ɖe asi ahakpɔ wò dɔwɔlawo ta nyuie.
Nu Vevi Siwo Wotsɔna Yia Nu
Enye nusi woate ŋu awɔ ŋutɔ be woatsɔ gakpo si wotsɔ galvanized awɔ gakpoe, ne wowɔ ɖe edzi dzadzraɖo sesẽ do ŋgɔ na gakpo si wotsɔ ga wɔe kple ga si wotsɔ blae vɔ megbe ƒe nutsyɔnu gbugbɔgaɖoanyi (ASTM A780) dzi.
Zinc vaporizes le ~420°C, si hea weld pool ɖiƒoƒo, porosity, kple lãmesẽkuxi sesẽwo (Metal Fume Fever) ne womekpɔ egbɔ kple PPE nyuie kple yaƒoƒo o.
Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe tiatia le vevie: Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) kple Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW/Stick) kpɔa trace zinc gbɔ nyuie wu Gas Metal Arc Welding (MIG), gake ele be woaƒo asa na Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (TIG) vevie le esi wòsea veve ŋutɔ ɖe trace zinc ŋu ta.
Woléa xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe blibonyenye me ɖe asi: Le ILZRO ƒe numekuku nu la, gakpo si wotsɔ galvanized wɔe nyuie la sɔ kple gakpo siwo womefa o ƒe gbagbã ƒe sesẽme kple ɖeɖiteameŋu ƒe ŋusẽ.
Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya si le Welding Galvanized Steel ŋu: Afɔku siwo le xɔtuɖoɖo me
Be nàse nusita nusi wotsɔ galvanized wɔe mewɔa dɔ nyuie le akasanu te o gɔme la, ele be nàlé ŋku ɖe dzoxɔxɔŋusẽ si le ete ŋu. Nya vevitɔa le dzoxɔxɔ ƒe vovototo gã si le ametakpɔnu si wotsɔ blaa nu kple ga si wotsɔ wɔa gɔmeɖoanyia dome la me.
Zinc ƒuna le dzoxɔxɔ si ade 420°C (788°F) me. Ewɔa ya keŋkeŋ le dzoxɔxɔ si ade 906°C (1663°F) lɔƒo. Carbon steel hiã dzoxɔxɔ si lolo wu sã hafi wòate ŋu alɔ̃, zi geɖe la, dzoxɔxɔ si le 1370°C va ɖo 1500°C (2500°F va ɖo 2732°F) dome. Ne ètsɔ welding arc de eme la, zinc la trɔna zua ya si me dzoxɔxɔ le ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe hafi gakpo si le ete la dzea tsi gɔ̃ hã ƒoƒo gɔme.
Nu |
Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe Teƒe |
Vaporization ƒe Teƒe |
Nuwɔna le Arc Te |
Ga si woyɔna be Carbon Steel |
~1370°C - 1500°C ƒe dzoxɔxɔ |
~3000°C ƒe didime |
Ewɔa ta si me wode tsii si li ke |
Zinc ƒe Nutsyɔtsyɔ |
~420°C ƒe dzoxɔxɔ |
~906°C ƒe ɣeyiɣia me |
Ewɔa ya abe ya ene wòwóna |
Ne womeɖee dzi kpɔtɔ o la, zinc sia si wotsɔ dzoxɔxɔ wɔe la gena ɖe weld-ta si le sesẽm la me. Gas ƒe kuɖɔawo ʋlina vevie be yewoasi le gakpo si me tsi le si le ʋeʋẽm la me hafi wòazu tsikpe. Mɔ̃ sia hea ememe ʋuʋudedi sesẽwo vɛ. Àkpɔ slag kpekpe siwo wotsɔ de eme kple fusion ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ enuenu le weld afɔbidɛawo hã ŋu.
Welding tẽ ɖe nusi wotsɔ blae dzi gakpɔtɔ nye xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe agbanɔamedzi sesẽ aɖe. Ele be nàwɔ nu ɖe zinc ƒe ƒuƒoƒoa ŋu abe ɖiƒoƒo si me afɔku le ene le teƒe si dzoxɔxɔ gblẽ nu le enumake (HAZ). Agbagba ɖesiaɖe si woadze be woatɔ dzo to nusi wotsɔ blae me dzadzraɖo manɔmee la agblẽ nu le ƒunukpeƒea ƒe ŋusẽ ŋu eye wòahe tsidzadza si gbɔ eme si womate ŋu agblɔ ɖi o vɛ.
Lãmesẽ ƒe Afɔkuwo Kple Nutome ƒe Sedziwɔwɔ (OSHA & AWS Dzidzenuwo) .
Le xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔwo godo la, zinc si wotsɔna ƒoa yae nyea nugbagbeviwo ƒe afɔku gã aɖe. Ne akasanua dze nusi wotsɔ blae la, ewɔa zinc oxide dzudzɔ ɣi si le ɣie. Dzudzɔ siawo siwo me aɖi le gbɔgbɔm hea nɔnɔme aɖe si woyɔna be Metal Fume Fever vɛ tẽ.
Metal Fume Fever hea dzesi kpata siwo le abe dzamezã ene vɛ. Dɔwɔlawo gblɔna enuenu be vuvɔ sesẽ, dzoxɔxɔ sesẽ, ʋuʋudedi, ɖeɖiteameŋu, kple vivi si dze ƒã le nu me. Zi geɖe la, dzesi siawo dzena le gaƒoƒo geɖe le dɔa ƒe nuwuwu megbe. Woate ŋu ana dɔwɔla aɖe nagate ŋu awɔ dɔ kura o.
Gli siwo me afɔku le geɖe le dɔwɔƒea si ku ɖe aɖi si le zinc me ŋu. Ele be míana nugbagbeŋutinunya ŋutɔŋutɔ me nakɔ be míakpɔ dɔwɔlawo ta nyuie.
Gbã la, zinc nye nusi me tsi ate ŋu alɔ̃ ɖo. Amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã trɔa asi le nu ŋu eye wòɖenɛ doa goe le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe. To vovo na lead alo hexavalent chromium ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ la, zinc oxide gbɔgbɔ menaa ga kpekpewo ƒoa ƒu ɣeyiɣi didi o. Dɔlélea gakpɔtɔ nana ame gbɔdzɔna ŋutɔ gaƒoƒo 24 va ɖo 48, gake ƒã hafi wògblẽa nu le ame ƒe ŋutilã ŋu ɣeyiɣi didi.
Evelia, notsi nono mekpɔa nugbagbeviwo ta tso zinc oxide si wogbɔna me o. Esia gakpɔtɔ li abe glitoto si bɔ ɖe fiasewo me ene. Notsi yia dɔgboa me. Dzudzɔwo yia lãkusiwo me. Ŋuɖoɖo ɖe notsi ŋu abe ametakpɔnu ene nana dɔwɔlawo ɖoa afɔku me tẽ.
OSHA ƒe sededewo kple ANSI/ASC Z-49.1 ƒe dzidzenuwo dzi wɔwɔ vevie naa dɔwɔƒe si le dedie. Ele be nàwɔ mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwo dzi kpɔkpɔ kple ame ŋutɔ ƒe ametakpɔnu nyuiwo ŋudɔ.
Dzɔtsoƒe ɖeɖe: De ya si dona le teƒea ƒe yaƒoƒo tẽ le weld zone. Ele be dzudzɔdolawo nahe dzudzɔa ɖa le dɔwɔla la ƒe gbɔgbɔƒe.
Yagbɔgbɔ Takpɔkpɔ: Ele be dɔwɔlawo nado yagbɔgbɔmɔ̃ siwo ƒe ametakpɔnu afã le siwo ŋu P100 HEPA-miɖemɔ̃wo le.
Dɔwɔɖoɖo Deŋgɔwo: Ne èdi teƒe siwo wotu alo ewɔwɔ atraɖii la, de se be woazã Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPR) siwo wotsɔ de gakuku siwo wotsɔ ga wɔe me.
Yaƒoƒo Gbãtɔ: Kpɔ egbɔ be ya si woɖɔli le fiase siwo ƒo xlãe me ɖo nutome ƒe dedienɔnɔ ƒe dzidzenu suetɔ kekeake gbɔ.
Dzadzraɖo Do Ŋgɔ Na Weld: '1-4 Inch' Se
Dzadzraɖo ɖe ƒunukpeƒea ŋue fiaa alesi ƒunukpeƒea akpɔ dzidzedze mlɔeba. Amerikatɔwo ƒe Gaŋutiɖoɖo Habɔbɔ gblɔ mɔfiame sesẽwo le AWS D-19.0 te ku ɖe ga siwo ŋu wofa nu ɖo la dzadzraɖo ŋu. Dziɖuɖua ƒe dzidzenu bia tso dɔwɔlawo si be woaɖe zinc si wotsɔ blae la ɖa sentimeta 1 va ɖo 4 (10-25mm ya teti) tso weld joint si woɖo be woawɔ la ƒe akpa eveawo.
Mɔnu vevi eve le asiwò si dzi nàto akɔ nusi wotsɔ blae la ŋu. Viɖe kple seɖoƒe tɔxɛ aɖewo le mɔnu ɖesiaɖe ŋu.
Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya (Enyo wu): Zã nutunu sesẽ alo abrasive flap wheel. Tu ƒunukpeƒea wòazu gakpo si le keklẽm eye wòle ƒuƒlu. Mɔnu sia wɔa dɔ kabakaba eye wòwɔa dɔ ŋutɔ. Gake lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be afɔku si le edziwɔwɔ me. Zi geɖe la, ne wotu nu sesĩe gɔ̃ hã la, zinc suesuesuewo nɔa gakpoa me.
Atikewo Ðeɖeɖa: Zã atike si wotsɔna ƒoa nu abe muriatic acid si wotsɔ tsaka kple vinegar ɣi ene. Esia ɖea zinc la ɖa dzadzɛ evɔ meɖea ga si wotsɔ wɔa gɔmeɖoanyia ɖa o. Ele be nàwɔ akpaɖekedzimademade ƒe nuwɔna sesẽwo le esia megbe. Ne womete ŋu klɔ acid la heɖee ɖa o la, ehea gbeɖuɖɔ si le keklẽm kabakaba ɖe gakpo si woɖe ɖe go la dzi enumake.
Scale ye gblɔa wò dzadzraɖo ƒe aɖaŋu. Duƒuƒu gãwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ madzudzɔmadzudzɔe tso a zi geɖe la, gakpo si wotsɔ galvanized wɔe bia be woatsɔ mɔ̃ awɔ brɔs le wo ɖokui si alo dzoxɔxɔ si woatsɔ awɔ dɔe le teƒe ɖeka hafi woawɔ welding dɔwɔƒea. To vovo na ema la, custom fabrication le ɖeka dzi zi geɖe la, gakpo si wotsɔ galvanized wɔe nana asi flap-disc grinding nyea tiatia si mexɔ asi wu eye wòwɔa dɔ wu.
Welding Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe Dzodzro na Galvanized Nuwo
Ƒã hafi woate ŋu aɖe nusi wotsɔ blae la ɖa bliboe le agbledeƒe ƒe nɔnɔmewo me. Zi geɖe la, zinc si wokpɔna le nusuekpɔmɔ̃ me tsia anyi. Eyata ele be nàtia welding-mɔnu si ate ŋu ado dzi le ɖiƒoƒo suesuesuewo me.
Welding ƒe Dɔwɔna |
Trace Zinc ƒe Mɔɖeɖe ɖe Nu Ŋu |
Nusiwo Wozãna Siwo Wokafu |
Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe Nɔnɔme Nyui |
FCAW (Flux-Cored) ƒe . |
Kɔ |
Ka si ƒe akpoxɔnu eve alo esi ŋu wokpɔa eɖokui ta le |
Xɔtuɖaŋu sesẽ, gota gbeadzidɔ |
SMAW (Ati) . |
Kɔ |
E7018 elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ siwo me haidrodzin mesɔ gbɔ ɖo o |
Beléle na wo, akpa siwo le kpekpem |
GMAW (MIG) ƒe . |
Le ve dome |
ER70S-6 ka sesẽ |
Ewɔwɔ kabakaba, agbalẽ tsɛwo |
GTAW (TIG) ƒe . |
Naneke o |
N/A |
Dzi ɖe le ƒonye vevie |
FCAW (Flux-Cored) & SMAW (Stick): Dɔwɔwɔ siawo ɖea mɔɖeɖe ɖe trace zinc ŋu ŋutɔ fiana. Nusiwo me tsi sina tona si wotu ɖe elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃awo me la ƒuna kabakaba le ta si me wode tsii la me. Wotsɔa veviedodo kplɔa tsiʋea, eye wokɔa ɖinuwo kple ya siwo xaxa la doa goe yia aŋɔa ƒe ƒuƒoƒoa me. Le SMAW dɔwɔwɔwo gome la, mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo kafu E7018 elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ siwo me haidrodzin mesɔ gbɔ ɖo o vevie. Wowɔa weld sesẽ siwo te ŋu ʋãna ne nu suesuesue siwo susɔ ɖe wo ŋu gakpɔtɔ li gɔ̃ hã.
GMAW (MIG): Ka sesẽ MIG naa nuwɔwɔ ƒe duƒuƒu nyuitɔ kekeake. Ewɔa dɔ nyuie vevietɔ le ame tsɛwo dzi galvanized gakpo gbadzɛwo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo. Gake fluxing agents siwo wɔa dɔ mele MIG me o. Ebia be woakpɔ parameter dzi sesĩe. Ele be nàzã dzoxɔxɔ sue dede mɔnuwo abe short-circuit alo pulsed-spray transfer ene. Zã ER70S-6 ka ɣesiaɣi. Silicon kple manganese si wotsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu le ER70S-6 me wɔa dɔ abe deoxidizers ene, si kpena ɖe ame ŋu be bead la nadze gbadzaa eye wòawɔ avu kple ememe ʋuʋudedi.
GTAW (TIG) – The Exclusion Zone: Field experience ɖo kpe edzi be TIG wɔa nu abe drɔ̃e baɖa ene le nu siawo dzi. Tungsten electrode si womate ŋu azã o la bia be wòanɔ dzadzɛ bliboe. Zinc sue ɖesiaɖe si to le dzadzraɖowɔɣi la ƒoa ɖii enumake. Aɖakaʋua aɖe ta, atsa tsaglãla, eye wòatsi mlɔeba. Ðe TIG ɖa le wò dɔwɔwɔwo me keŋkeŋ negbe ɖe nèwɔ dɔ le gakpo ƒuƒlu si ŋu woɖo kpee 100% ŋu hafi.
Ƒuƒoƒo ƒe Nyonyome Kakaɖedzi kple Post-Weld Gbugbɔgaɖoanyi
Adzɔnuwɔla geɖe tsia dzi ɖe alesi woate ŋu aka ɖe kpekpe siawo dzi ɣeyiɣi didi ŋu. Woke ɖi nenye be nusiwo wotsɔ wɔe ƒe nɔnɔmewo gblẽna le dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tsatsam me.
Dukɔwo Dome Lead Zinc Research Organization (ILZRO) wɔ ŋutilã me dodokpɔ geɖe le ƒunukpeƒe siawo ŋu. Mɔ̃a ƒe nɔnɔmewo gakpɔtɔ le nenema keŋkeŋ. ILZRO ƒe nyatakakawo ɖo kpe edzi be galvanized joints siwo wotsɔ ga ƒo nyuie la ɖea tensile strength, bend radii, kple impact performance si sɔ fiana ne wotsɔe sɔ kple gakpo siwo womefa o.
Gake zi geɖe la, ʋuʋudedi suesuesuewo nɔa anyi. Àte ŋu axe fe ɖe ɖeɖiteameŋu si le porosity ŋu to mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe mɔnu siwo me nunya le zazã me. Le ƒunukpeƒe siwo wotsɔ ɖeɖiteameŋu ƒe agba vevi siwo le tsatsam ŋu la, mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo gblɔa 'oversized welds.' zi geɖe. Ŋutilã ƒe lolome sia ɖea nuteɖeamedzi ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ bliboa dzi kpɔtɔna. Exea mɔ na zinc penetrator intergranular cracking be wòagakaka to kea me o.
Mlɔeba la, nututu kple gatutu gblẽa vɔsasa ƒe mɔxenu la me. Ele be nàwɔ ametakpɔnu tso xɔxlɔ̃ megbe ŋudɔ be wòaxe mɔ ɖe yamenutome ƒe gbeɖuɖɔ kabakaba nu. Gblɔ alesi woawɔ ɖe ASTM A780 ƒe dzidzenu dzi pɛpɛpɛ hena ametakpɔnu la gbugbɔgaɖoanyi.
Gblɔ alesi nàzã amadede siwo me zinc sɔ gbɔ ɖo, siwo woyɔna zi geɖe be cold galvanizing spray. Tsɔ esia de HAZ kple anyigba ƒe teƒewo katã dzi vevie. Kpɔ egbɔ be film ƒuƒu la ƒe titrime sɔ kple dzoxɔxɔ si ƒo xlãe. Le xɔtunu siwo lolo wu gome la, dzoxɔxɔ ƒe ga si wotsɔ ƒua gbe (zinc spraying) naa kadodo si de ŋgɔ wu, si sɔ kple dɔwɔƒea tɔ. ASTM A780 yometiti kpɔa egbɔ be ƒuƒoƒo yeye si wotsɔ ga ƒo ƒui la ɖoa agbenɔƒe ƒe sɔsɔme gbɔ kpe ɖe dzoxɔxɔ-nyɔnyrɔ ƒe nutsyɔnu gbãtɔa ŋu.
Nyanuwuwuw
Welding ametakpɔnu siawo sɔ bliboe na xɔtuɖaŋu kple dɔwɔƒewo dɔwo. Ele be nàte ɖe eŋu abe mɔnu si dzi wokpɔna vevie ene tsɔ wu be wòanye mɔ kpui si dzi woato aƒoe tẽ. Dzadzraɖo ƒe afɔɖeɖewo dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ gblẽa nu le fɔmaɖimaɖi tutuɖo kple amegbetɔ ƒe dedienɔnɔ siaa ŋu. Ɣeyiɣi didi be woaɖe ƒunukpeƒea nana wògena ɖe ƒunukpeƒea goglo, akasanu siwo li ke, eye mɔ̃a wɔa dɔ sesĩe.
Be wò nuwɔwɔ me tsonu nanyo ɖe edzi la, wɔ afɔɖeɖe siawo siwo kplɔe ɖo enumake:
Dzro wò dzudzɔ ɖeɖeɖa ƒe dɔwɔƒe si nèzãna fifia le teƒea me be nàkpɔ egbɔ be dzudzɔxɔxɔ ƒe sesẽme si sɔ.
Trɔ asi le wò WPS (Welding Procedure Specifications) ŋu be wòaɖe zinc ɖeɖeɖa ƒe didime siwo nye inch 1 va ɖo 4 afia tẽ.
Standardize wò post-weld touch-up consumables be wòasɔ pɛpɛpɛ kple ASTM A780 dry film titrime nudidiwo.
Trɔ asi le dɔwɔwɔ siwo sea nu gɔme ɖa tso TIG gbɔ eye nàwɔ dual-shield FCAW alo pulsed MIG ŋudɔ hena ɖiƒoƒo dzi ɖuɖu nyuie wu.
Nyabiasewo ƒe Nyabiasewo
Q: Ðe gakpo si wotsɔ galvanized ƒo gae nana ga la gbɔdzɔa?
A: Ao, ne wodzrae ɖo nyuie la, eƒe tenɔnɔ ƒe ŋusẽ kple eƒe gbagbã ƒe sesẽme nɔa abe gakpo si womefa o ene. Zinc-gbadzɛa ɖeɖe ɖa hafi aƒo akasanua nana wògena ɖe eme nyuie eye wòxea mɔ na xɔtunu ƒe gbagbã gãwo.
Q: Ðe mate ŋu ano notsi be wòaxe mɔ ɖe ga ƒe dzudzɔ ƒe dzoxɔxɔ nua?
A: Menye nenema kura o. Notsi menaa gbɔgbɔtsixe tsia ame ta o. Eyina ɖe nuɖuɖumeŋusẽ me, eye wònaa ametakpɔnu zero na wò lãkusiwo. Dzɔtsoƒe ɖeɖe kple PPE nyuitɔ (abe P100 yagbɔgbɔmɔ̃wo ene) koe xea mɔ na zinc oxide ƒe afɔku ƒe gododo.
Q: Ðe mate ŋu azã TIG atsɔ aƒo gakpo siwo wotsɔ galvanized wɔea?
A: Dzi ɖe le eƒo ŋutɔ. TIG bia be woatsɔ anyigba si le dzadzɛ etɔxɛe. Zinc si susɔ si wokpɔna le nusuekpɔmɔ̃ me si susɔ le etutu sesĩe vɔ megbe gɔ̃ hã aƒo ɖi tungsten ƒe elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃a vevie, si ana akasa nu natsa, aƒo ta, eye mlɔeba wòado kpo nu.
Q: Afikae wòhiã be matu galvanizing la ɖe megbe hafi awɔ welding?
A: Adzɔnuwɔƒewo ƒe dzidzenuwo (abe AWS D-19.0 ene) bia be woaɖee ɖa le afisi didi sentimeta 1 va ɖo 4 tso weld zone gbɔ. Buffer vevi sia xea mɔ na dzoxɔxɔ si le yame be wòagawɔ zinc si ƒo xlãe la wòazu ya eye wòahee ayi ɖe weld-ta si wofa la me o.
