Welding Galvanized Simbi inoramba iri tsika yakajairwa mukati mekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri uye engineering yezvimiro. Iyo yakasimba zinc coating inopa yakanakisa corrosion kuramba. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvinhu izvi zvive zvakakosha kune dzakaomarara dzekunze nharaunda uye inoda mapurojekiti ezvivakwa.
Nekudaro, kujoinha zvinhu izvi kunounza akasiyana simbi uye chengetedzo matambudziko kana ichienzaniswa nekushanda paisina kabhoni simbi. Iyo inodzivirira zinc layer inogadzira kupesana kwakananga. Iwe uchasangana nenyaya dzine chekuita nekugadzikana kwearc, weld pool kuchena, uye hutano hwevashandi. Iwe haugone kungorova arc pamusoro pekupfekedza uye kutarisira yakachena, yakasimba joint pasina mhedzisiro yakakomba.
Gwaro iri rinopa humbowo-hwakavakirwa chimiro cheinjiniya, maneja ekugadzira, uye zvikwata zvekutenga. Isu tichaongorora zvinosungirwa kugadzirira zvinodiwa, sarudzo yakakwana yemaitiro, uye yakakosha kutevedzera zviyero seOSHA neAWS. Iwe unozodzidza kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwechimiro uye kudzivirira vashandi vako zvinobudirira.
Key Takeaways
Izvo zvinogoneka kwazvo kupinza simbi yakabatiswa, yakapihwa yakasimba pre-weld pamusoro pekugadzirira uye post-weld coating kudzoreredza (ASTM A780) inoteverwa.
Zinc inopfungaira pa ~ 420 ° C, zvichiita kuti weld pool tsvina, porosity, uye acute utano ngozi (Metal Fume Fever) kana ikasagadziriswa nePPE chaiyo uye mhepo.
Maitiro ekusarudza nyaya: Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) uye Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW/Stick) inobata trace zinc zviri nani pane Gas Metal Arc Welding (MIG), nepo Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (TIG) inofanirwa kudzivirirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekunzwa kwakanyanya kutsvaga zinc.
Kutendeseka kwechimiro kunochengetedzwa: Zvinoenderana nekutsvagisa kweILZRO, weld yakanyatso shandiswa pasimbi yakashongedzwa inofanana nekuoma kwekutyoka uye kuneta kusimba kwemajoini esimbi asina kuvharwa.
Iyo Physics yeWelding Galvanized Simbi: Structural Risks
Kuti unzwisise kuti sei galvanized material ichiita zvisina kunaka pasi pe arc, unofanira kutarisa pasi pe thermodynamics. Iyo yakakosha nyaya iri mukusawirirana kukuru kwemafuta pakati pechidziviriro coating uye base simbi.
Zinc inonyunguduka painoda kusvika 420°C (788°F). Inonyura zvachose kutenderera 906°C (1663°F). Carbon steel inoda tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya kunyunguduka, kazhinji pakati pe1370°C ne1500°C (2500°F kusvika 2732°F). Kana iwe ukaisa welding arc, zinc layer inoshanduka kuita gasi rinoputika nguva refu simbi yepasi isati yatanga kunyungudika.
Material |
Melting Point |
vaporization Point |
Behaviour Under Arc |
Carbon Steel |
~1370°C - 1500°C |
~3000°C |
Inogadzira dziva rakanyungudutswa rakagadzikana |
Zinc Coating |
~420°C |
~906°C |
Inopfungaira zvinoputika |
Kana isina kudzikiswa, iyi zingi inopfungaira inovharirwa mukati medziva rekuomesa weld. Mafuro egasi anonetsekana kutiza viscous liquid simbi isati yaoma. Musungo uyu unokonzera porosity yakaoma yemukati. Iwe uchaona zvakare inorema slag inclusions uye kazhinji kushaikwa kwe fusion pamwe ne weld zvigunwe.
Welding yakananga pamusoro pejasi inoramba iine mutoro wakakomba wechimiro. Iwe unofanirwa kubata zinc layer setsvina ine ngozi mukati meiyo yekukurumidza kupisa-inokanganisa zone (HAZ). Chero kuedza kwekupisa kuburikidza nekuputira pasina kugadzirira kuchakanganisa simba rekubatana uye kunokonzera zvakanyanyisa, zvisingatarisirwi spatter.
Njodzi dzeUtano uye Kutevedza Kwezvakatipoteredza (OSHA & AWS Mitemo)
Kunze kwekuremara kwechimiro, zinc inopfungaira inopa njodzi huru yebhayoloji. Kana iyo arc ikarova coating, inoburitsa gobvu, chena zinc oxide utsi. Kufema utsi hune muchetura uhwu kunotungamira zvakananga kumamiriro anozivikanwa seMetal Fume Fever.
Metal Fume Fever inokonzeresa zviratidzo zvefuruwenza. Vashandi vanowanzotaura kutonhora kwakanyanya, kupisa kwakanyanya, kusvotwa, kuneta, uye kuravira kwakasiyana kunotapira mumuromo. Zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzobata maawa akawanda mushure mokunge shanduko yapera. Vanogona kukanganisa zvachose mushandisi.
Iyo indasitiri inobata ngano dzakawanda dzine njodzi maererano ne zinc toxicity. Tinofanira kujekesa iyo biology chaiyo kuchengetedza vashandi nemazvo.
Kutanga, zinc inonyungudika mumvura. Muviri wemunhu unoisa metabolizes uye unouburitsa nekufamba kwenguva. Kusiyana nemutobvu kana hexavalent chromium kuratidzwa, zinc oxide inhalation haikonzeri kuunganidzwa kwenguva refu kwesimbi inorema. Chirwere ichi chinoramba chichikuvadza zvakanyanya kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi mana nemasere, asi hachiwanzokonzeresa kukuvara kwehurongwa.
Chechipiri, kunwa mukaka kunopa zero biological dziviriro kubva kune zinc oxide inhalation. Izvi zvinoramba zviri ngano yakapararira yechitoro-pasi. Mukaka unoenda kudumbu. Utsi hunoenda kumapapu. Kuvimba nemukaka senzira yekudzivirira kunoisa vashandi munjodzi yakananga.
Kunyatsoteerera kumitemo yeOSHA uye ANSI/ASC Z-49.1 zviyero zvinochengetedza nzvimbo yekushanda yakachengeteka. Iwe unofanirwa kuita zvidzoreso zveinjiniya uye zvakakodzera zvekudzivirira zvemunhu.
Source Kubvisa: Isa mhepo yemuno inopedza simba yakananga kunzvimbo yeweld. Zvinobvisa utsi zvinofanirwa kukweva hutsi kubva panzvimbo yekufema yemushandisi.
Dziviriro Yekufema: Vashandi vanofanirwa kupfeka hafu-mask respirators yakaiswa P100 HEPA mafirita.
Advanced Systems: Kune nzvimbo dzakapoteredzwa kana kuenderera mberi kwekugadzirwa, raira kushandiswa kwePowered Air-Kuchenesa Respirators (PAPR) yakabatanidzwa mumaheti ekubatira.
General Ventilation: Ita shuwa kuti ambient shop air exchange inosangana nediki chengetedzo nharaunda.
Pre-Weld Gadziriro: Iyo '1-4 Inch' Rule
Kugadzirira kwepamusoro kunoraira kubudirira kwekupedzisira kwekubatana. IAmerican Welding Society inotsanangura nhungamiro yakasimba pasi peAWS D-19.0 yekugadzira simbi dzakavharwa. Chiyero chepamutemo chinoda vanobata kuti vabvise zinc coating 1 kusvika 4 inches (10-25mm zvishoma) kubva kumativi ese eiyo yakarongwa weld joint.
Iwe une nzira mbiri dzekutanga dzekubvisa coating. Nzira imwe neimwe ine zvakanakira uye zvinogumira.
Mechanical Removal (Inodiwa): Shandisa dhisiki rekukuya rakaomarara kana abrasive flap vhiri. Gaya chibatanidza kusvika kusimbi inopenya, isina chinhu. Iyi nzira inokurumidza uye inoshanda zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, bvuma njodzi yekushandisa. Kunyangwe kugaya kwakasimba kazhinji kunosiya microscopic trace zinc yakaiswa mukati mesimbi.
Kemikari Removal: Shandisa kemikari etchant semuriatic acid yakasanganiswa nevhiniga chena. Izvi zvinobvisa zinc kure zvakachena pasina kubvisa simbi yepasi. Unofanira kudzidzira kwakasimba neutralization pashure. Kutadza kusukurudza nekudzikisa asidhi nekukasika kunokonzeresa kukurumidza kupisa kwesimbi pasimbi iri pachena.
Chikero chinoraira zano rako rekugadzirira. Kubata hombe-yakakura inoenderera inomhanya kubva a galvanized simbi coil inowanzoda otomatiki mechani brushing kana yemuno induction kudziyisa pamberi pechiteshi chewelding. Mukusiyana, kugadzirwa kwetsika pane imwe chete galvanized steel sheet inowanzoita manual flap-disc kugaya iyo inonyanya kudhura uye inoshanda sarudzo.
Welding Process Evaluation ye Galvanized Materials
Kubvisa coating zvakakwana hazviwanzo kuwanikwa mumamiriro emunda. Microscopic trace zinc inowanzosara. Naizvozvo, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza welding process inokwanisa kushivirira kusvibiswa kudiki.
Welding Process |
Tevera Zinc Kushivirira |
Zvinokurudzirwa Consumables |
Application Kukodzera |
FCAW (Flux-Cored) |
High |
Dual-shield kana self-shield waya |
Heavy structure, outdoor field work |
SMAW (Chimuti) |
High |
E7018 yakaderera-hydrogen electrodes |
Maintenance, gobvu zvikamu |
GMAW (MIG) |
Pakati nepakati |
ER70S-6 waya yakasimba |
High-speed kugadzira, mapepa matete |
GTAW (TIG) |
Zero |
N/A |
Kuora moyo zvakanyanya |
FCAW (Flux-Cored) & SMAW (Chimuti): Aya maitiro anoratidza kushivirira kwakanyanya kwekutsvaga zinc. Iyo flux agents yakavakirwa mumaelectrodes inoputika nekukurumidza mudziva rakanyungudutswa. Ivo vanoshingairira kutsvaira dhaka, vachisimudza tsvina uye vateya magasi kunze muslag layer. Nekuita kweSMAW, mainjiniya anokurudzira zvikuru E7018 low-hydrogen electrodes. Ivo vanogadzira yakasimba, ductile welds kunyangwe kana madiki masara ekuvhara achisara.
GMAW (MIG): Yakasimba waya MIG inopa yakanakisa kugadzirwa kumhanya. Inoshanda kunyanya pane dzakaonda galvanized steel sheet assemblies. Nekudaro, MIG inoshaya anoshanda fluxing agents. Inoda yakasimba parameter control. Iwe unofanirwa kushandisa yakaderera kupisa ekuisa matekiniki sepfupi-sekiti kana pulsed-spray kutamisa. Gara uchishandisa waya yeER70S-6. Iyo yakawedzerwa silicon uye manganese muER70S-6 inoshanda se deoxidizers, inobatsira kupepeta bead uye kurwisa porosity yemukati.
GTAW (TIG) - Iyo Inosanganisirwa Zone: Chiitiko chemumunda chinoratidza TIG inoita senge chiroto pane izvi zvinhu. Iyo isingashandisi tungsten electrode inoda kuchena kwakazara. Inobva yasvibiswa nechero trace zinc yakarasika panguva yekugadzirira. Iyo arc ichapfira, kudzungaira, uye pakupedzisira kudzima. Rega TIG kubva kumabasa ako zvachose kunze kwekunge uchishanda pa100% yakasimbiswa isina simbi.
Joint Quality Assurance uye Post-Weld Restoration
Vagadziri vakawanda vanonetseka pamusoro pekuvimbika kwenguva refu kwemagungano aya. Ivo vanobvunza kana zvinhu zvemukati zvikadzikira panguva yekudziya kutenderera.
Sangano reInternational Lead Zinc Research Organisation (ILZRO) rakaita bvunzo dzakakura dzemuviri pamajoini aya. Iyo mechanical properties inoramba yakasimba zvachose. ILZRO dhata inoratidza majoini akakwenenzverwa akakwenenzverwa anoratidza kuenzana kwesimba, bend radii, uye mashandiro anoita zvichienzaniswa nemagungano esimbi asina kuvharwa.
Nekudaro, diki micro-porosity kazhinji inoenderera. Iwe unogona kutsiva porosity kuneta uchishandisa smart engineering mazano. Pamajoini akaremerwa nekuneta zvakanyanya, mainjiniya anowanzo tsanangura ' oversized welds. ' Kuwedzera zvishoma fillet weld size zvinogadzirisa huwandu hwakarasika kune micro-porosity. Uku kuwedzera kwemuviri kunoderedza kushushikana kwese kwese. Inodzivirira zinc penetrator intergranular cracking kubva pakupararira kuburikidza nemudzi.
Pakupedzisira, kukuya uye welding kunoparadza chipingamupinyi chechibayiro. Iwe unofanirwa kushandisa post-weld corrosion dziviriro kudzivirira kukurumidza kupera kwemhepo. Rondedzera kuteedzera kwakasimba kune ASTM A780 chiyero chekudzorera iyo inodzivirira layer.
Taura mashandisirwo ependi ane zinc-rich, anowanzozivikanwa sechando galvanizing spray. Isa izvi zvakanyanya paHAZ nenzvimbo dzese dzepasi. Ita shuwa kuti kuoma kwefirimu ukobvu kunoenderana neyakakomberedza inopisa-dip layer. Kune nhengo dzakakura dzezvimiro, thermal metallizing (zinc spraying) inopa yepamusoro, fekitori-giredhi bond. Kutevera ASTM A780 inova nechokwadi chekuti mubatanidzwa uchangoburwa unowana lifecycle parity padivi peyekutanga inopisa-dip coating.
Mhedziso
Welding aya anodzivirira alloys anogoneka zvachose kune zvimiro uye maindasitiri kunyorera. Iwe unofanirwa kusvika pairi senzira inodzorwa zvakanyanya kwete yakananga-weld nzira yekudimbudzira. Kusvetuka matanho ekugadzirira kunokanganisa zvese kuvaka kuvimbika uye kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu. Kutora nguva yekubvisa mubatanidzwa kunovimbisa kupinza kwakadzika, arcs yakagadzikana, uye yakasimba mechanicha kuita.
Kuti uvandudze mhedzisiro yako yekugadzira, tora aya anotevera matanho ekukurumidza:
Ongorora yako yazvino yenzvimbo yekubvisa fume zvivakwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekubata kwakaringana velocity.
Gadziridza WPS yako (Welding Procedure Specifications) kuti iratidze zvakajeka madaro ekubvisa zinc 1 kusvika 4 inch.
Gadzirisa yako post-weld touch-up consumables kuti ienderane zvakasimba neASTM A780 yakaoma firimu ukobvu zvinodiwa.
Shandura masevhisi ekushandisa kure neTIG uye shandisa mbiri-shield FCAW kana pulsed MIG kuitira nani kushivirira kusachena.
FAQ
Mubvunzo: Kutungidza simbi kunopedza simba here?
A: Kwete. Kana yagadzirwa nemazvo, kusimba kwesimba uye kutsemuka kunoramba kwakafanana nesimbi isina kuvharwa. Kubvisa zinc layer isati yarova arc kunovimbisa kupinda kwakakodzera uye kunodzivirira kukanganisa kukuru kwechimiro.
Mubvunzo: Ndinganwa mukaka here kudzivirira fivha yesimbi?
A: Kwete. Mukaka haupi kudzivirirwa kwekufema. Iyo inopinda mudumbu rekudya, ichipa zero kudzivirira kumapapu ako. Chete kubviswa kwenzvimbo uye PPE yakakodzera (seP100 respirators) inodzivirira kuratidzwa kune ngozi kune zinc oxide.
Mubvunzo: Ndingashandisa TIG kupinza simbi yakabatiswa here?
A: Zvakaodzwa mwoyo zvikuru. TIG inoda nzvimbo yakachena zvakanyanya. Kunyangwe microscopic zinc residue yasara mushure mekukuya zvine simba inosvibisa tungsten electrode, zvichiita kuti arc idzungaire, kupfira, uye pakupedzisira kukundikana.
Mubvunzo: Ndekure kure sei kwandinofanira kugaya galvanizing ndisati ndatutira?
A: Miyero yeindasitiri (yakadai seAWS D-19.0) inoraira kujekesa 1 kusvika 4 inches kubva kunzvimbo yeweld. Iyi bhafa yakakosha inodzivirira kupisa kwemukati kubva mukupfungaira zinc yakatenderedza nekuidhonzera mudziva rakanyungudutswa.
