ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯄꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ 'ꯗꯨꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ' ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯇꯣꯞ ꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯕꯥꯊꯔꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯥꯎꯠꯒꯦꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯤꯅꯍꯣꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯐꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯂꯦꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯡ ꯇꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫
ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯨꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯆꯦꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯇꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯚꯥꯂꯨꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯁꯨ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯀꯑꯣꯌꯦꯁꯤꯡ꯫
꯲.꯵x ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯄꯜ: ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯗꯤꯞ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯅꯦꯔꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯲.꯵ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯑꯥꯎꯇꯒꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ: ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯟꯗꯦꯇꯔꯤ 'ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯕꯦꯀꯤꯡ' ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯇꯤꯒꯦꯁꯟꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯋꯤꯟꯗꯣ: ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯁꯤꯐꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ (ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ 12ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ) ꯀꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁ: ꯃꯥꯌꯄꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ASTM D7803 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ SSPC-SP 16 ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
1. ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁ ꯀꯦꯁ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯨꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ?
ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯅꯦꯔꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯄꯣꯛꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ, ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯞ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯦꯆ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯪꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯦꯜ-ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯣꯆ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯁꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯗꯨꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯇꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯏꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯨꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫
ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯆꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯚꯣꯂꯦꯇꯥꯏꯜ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯗ (VOC) ꯏꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯏ.ꯗꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯣ-ꯏꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫
ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯗꯨꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ-ꯃꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯆ-ꯀꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯕꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯇꯤꯟꯌꯨꯑꯣꯁꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯀꯣꯏꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯀꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ
2. ꯀꯣꯔ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ: ꯑꯥꯎꯠꯒꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ꯫
ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯗꯤꯞ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯊꯥꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯥꯎꯠꯒꯦꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯔꯣꯝ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯚꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯑꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 180°C (356°F)ꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯄꯣꯛꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯕꯨꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤꯅꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫
ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯃꯣꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ 'ꯋꯥꯏꯇꯦꯞ ꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ' ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯗꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯁꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯇꯦꯖꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯣꯆ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ (ꯄꯨꯡ 48ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯋꯦꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ (ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯂꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯋꯦꯗꯔ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
꯳.ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯃꯤꯇꯤꯒꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯗꯤ.꯷꯸꯰꯳ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯗꯤꯂꯦꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤꯅꯍꯣꯂꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ASTM D7803ꯗꯥ ꯄꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯗꯤꯞ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ 1: ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯡ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ, ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕꯝꯄ, ꯔꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯄꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯋꯥꯁꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯛ ꯑꯦꯂꯀꯥꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯄꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ 2: ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯂꯤꯡ (SSPC-SP 16)
ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯄꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯀꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯍꯦꯚꯤ ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, SSPC-SP 16 ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ 'ꯁ꯭ꯕꯤꯞ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ' ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯤꯛ, ꯂꯣ-ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯤꯚꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯣꯍꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯅꯦꯁ ≤ 5) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯂꯅꯠ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯅꯣꯖꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ 30°ꯗꯒꯤ 60° ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ (ꯏꯇꯥ) ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯒꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯀꯔ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯐꯦꯁꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯤꯞ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯂꯇꯔꯅꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯠ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ 3: ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯒꯦꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯕꯦꯀꯤꯡ)
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯎꯇꯒꯦꯁ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ-ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯕꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯋꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯒꯤ 30°C (~50°F) ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯑꯁꯪꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯥꯙ꯭ꯌ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯡ ꯐꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯂꯣꯏ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ 4: ꯔꯦꯄꯤꯗ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ (ꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯋꯤꯟꯗꯣ)
ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯦꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯑꯥꯎꯠꯒꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯄꯀꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯤꯟꯗꯣ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯱꯲ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯁꯤꯐꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯊꯍꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯁꯣꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯠ: ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯗꯤ.꯷꯸꯰꯳ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ꯫
ꯈꯣꯡꯀꯥꯞ |
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ꯫ |
ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ꯫ |
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ꯫ |
1 |
ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ |
ꯋꯥꯏꯛ ꯑꯦꯂꯀꯥꯂꯥꯏꯟ/ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫ |
ꯑꯣꯏꯜ, ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯎ꯫ |
2 |
ꯁ꯭ꯕꯤꯞ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ |
30°-60°ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ Mohs ≤ 5 ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯤꯚꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫ |
ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯀꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯨ꯫ |
3 |
ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯒꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ |
ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ +30°Cꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ 1 ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ |
ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯁꯤꯡ꯫ |
4 |
ꯔꯦꯄꯤꯗ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ꯫ |
ꯄꯨꯡ 12ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯊꯥꯎ꯫ |
ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ꯫ |
꯴.ꯒꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯕꯅꯥꯝ ꯒꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ: ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯨꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯄꯥꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯗꯤꯞ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯗꯤꯞ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯒꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯤꯂꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯕꯥꯊꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯂꯤꯡ (ꯍꯤꯇꯤꯡ) ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯚꯤꯖꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯦꯠ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯐꯤꯅꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯏ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣ-ꯔꯨꯐ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯄꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯗꯤꯞ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯤꯞ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯗꯤꯂꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯩ꯫
ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯃꯝ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯚ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯟꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ꯫
ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ |
ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ꯫ |
ꯒꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ꯫ |
ꯃꯆꯜ |
ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ (ꯏꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔ) |
ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ꯫ |
ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯡꯗ ꯎꯕ |
ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ, ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ |
ꯃꯦꯠ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯆꯔ꯫ |
ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯑꯦꯐꯤꯅꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫ |
ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯤꯞ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ |
ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣ-ꯔꯨꯐ; ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫ |
ꯕꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯐꯣꯔ... |
ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ, ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ꯫ |
ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯄꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫ |
5. ꯚꯦꯟꯗꯔ ꯏꯚꯥꯜꯌꯨꯑꯦꯁꯟ: ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯅꯔ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯔꯇꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ꯫
ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯊꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯦꯠꯄꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀꯣꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯑꯁꯪꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯟꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯚꯥꯜꯌꯨꯑꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯚꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ QA ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ:
ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯎꯇꯒꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯕꯦꯛ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯗꯨꯀꯥꯟ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ 30°C ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯑꯣꯜ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ-ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯔꯥ? ꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯟꯗꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯔꯥꯖ꯭ꯌ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯪꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯱꯲ꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯋꯤꯟꯗꯣ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯥꯏꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯑꯥꯎꯠꯒꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯔꯥ? ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯟꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯠꯠꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯔꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯟꯗꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯤꯞ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯀꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯁꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯆꯠꯂꯨ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯒꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯅꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯤꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯔꯇꯀꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕ
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯗꯨꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯤꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯀꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯏ꯫ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯐꯦꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯣꯃꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯀꯗꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ-ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯗ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ:
ASTM D7803 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ SSPC-SP 16 ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯖꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (RFPꯁꯤꯡ)ꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯒꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯥꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯡ 1ꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯕꯦꯛ ꯗꯤꯒꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯌꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯨꯐ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯗꯤꯃꯥꯟꯗ ꯇꯧ꯫
ꯄꯨꯡ ꯱꯲ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯋꯤꯟꯗꯣ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯗꯤꯞ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯔꯦꯟꯇ, ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ-ꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯕꯤꯞ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯣ-ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯤꯚꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧ꯫
ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯔꯥ?
ꯎ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ 250°C (480°F)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ, ꯋꯦꯗꯔ ꯒꯦꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯎ: ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯥꯐꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯂꯀꯥꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ (ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯄꯦꯇꯤꯅꯥ) ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯕꯦꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯎ: ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯖ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯆꯔ, ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯣꯃꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯨꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫
