Indlela i-EU ye-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (i-CBM) iya kuLungisa ngayo uRhwebo lweNsimbi lweHlabathi

• Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kunyuke nge-15.2%

• Izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zinyuke ngama-23.7%

• Intsalela yorhwebo ifikelele kwi-4.7 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi

Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha

• I-CBAM yongeza imirhumo emitsha kwintsimbi evela kwamanye amazwe. Oku kwenza intsimbi evela ngaphandle kwe-EU ibize kakhulu. Intsimbi ye-EU iba nokhuphiswano ngakumbi ngenxa yolu tshintsho.

• Abathengisi bangaphandle kufuneka baxelele i-EU malunga nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwintsimbi yabo. Kufuneka baqokelele idatha echanekileyo ukuze balandele imithetho.

• Intlawulo yekhabhoni yentsimbi ethunyelwe kwi-EU imalunga ne-EUR 37.50 ngetoni nganye. Eli xabiso liza kunyuka ngo-2026.

• Abenzi bentsimbi abanokukhutshwa okuphezulu bajongana neengxaki ezinkulu. Banomsebenzi ongakumbi wamaphepha yaye banokuhlawuliswa ukuba abayilandeli imigaqo.

• Amazwe akhupha izinto ezikhutshwayo ezisezantsi aza kwenza ngcono kwimarike ye-EU. Amazwe anokukhutshwa okuphezulu angakwazi ukuthengisa intsimbi eninzi.

• Abenzi bentsimbi kufuneka basebenzise itekhnoloji yekhabhoni ephantsi ukuze bahlale bekhuphisana. Oku kubanceda bahlangabezane nemithetho ye-CBM.

• Ukusebenza kunye kunokunceda iinkampani zabelane ngezimvo ezilungileyo. Ikwabanceda banciphise ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.

• Kubalulekile ukwazi ngemithetho emitsha kunye notshintsho. Iinkampani kufuneka zitshintshe iintambo zabo zokubonelela ukuze ziphumelele kwintengiso yentsimbi.

Utshintsho lwe-CBM kuRhwebo lweNsimbi

Ukuthotyelwa kweCBAM kwabaThumela ngaphandle

Ingxelo yokukhutshwayo

Xa uthumela intsimbi kwi-EU, unemithetho emitsha. Indlela yokulungelelanisa umda wekhabhoni yenza ukuba uxele ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwiimveliso zakho. Kufuneka uqokelele idatha malunga nokuba ingakanani ikhabhoni imveliso yakho yentsimbi idala. Oku kunceda i-EU ibone impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yentsimbi evela kumazwe angaphandle. Kufuneka uhlaziye iikhontrakthi kunye namaphepha okubonelela ukunika olu lwazi kubathengi be-EU.

Ingcebiso: Qalisa ukulandelela ukukhutshwa kwakho kwangoko. Oku kwenza ukunika ingxelo kube lula kwaye kukunceda uphephe iimpazamo.

Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa ezona mfuno ziphambili zokuthobela ekufuneka uzilandele:

Inkqubo yeSiqinisekiso

Kufuneka kwakhona ugqibezele inkqubo yoqinisekiso. I-EU ifuna ukujonga ukuba idatha yakho yokukhutshwayo ichanekile. Kufuneka ubonise ubungqina kwaye ufumane izatifikethi zokubonisa ukuba intsimbi yakho ilandela imigaqo. Ukuba awukwenzi oku, ungafumana izohlwayo okanye ulibaziseko emdeni. Abathengisi abaninzi bentsimbi ngoku bachitha ixesha nemali eninzi kumaphepha. Kubathengi abancinci abancinci, iindleko zokuthobela zingaba yi-5,440 ukuya kwi-6,900 € ngonyaka ukuba baphatha ngaphantsi kweetoni ezingama-50 ngonyaka. Ngokumalunga ne-75% yazo zonke iimfanelo ze-CBAM zichaphazela abathengisi bentsimbi kunye nentsimbi, ngoko ke awuwedwa ojongene nolu tshintsho.

Amaxabiso kunye neMpembelelo yeendleko

Imirhumo yeKhabhoni yokuNgeniswa kwamanye amazwe

Uya kuba neendleko ezintsha xa uthumela ngaphandle intsimbi kwi-EU. I-CBAM yenza ukuba uhlawule umrhumo wekhabhoni ngetoni nganye yentsimbi oyithumelayo. Umrhumo umalunga ne-EUR 37.50 ngetoni nganye. Oku kufana noko abavelisi be-EU bahlawula phantsi kwe-Emissions Trading System, apho amaxabiso e-EUR 20 ukuya kwi-EUR 80 ngetoni nganye. Kuya kufuneka uthenge izatifikethi zokukhutshwa kwakho, kwaye ezi ndleko ziya kunyuka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngo-2026, ukungeniswa kwentsimbi ephezulu kunokuba neendleko ezongezelelweyo ze-40-€ 60 ngetoni nganye. Kwiimveliso eziphezulu ezifana ne-steel slab, ezi ndleko zinokuba ngaphezu kwe-20% yexabiso lokungenisa. I-EU iceba ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo i-CBAM ngo-2034, ngoko kufuneka ulungele iindleko eziphezulu kwixesha elizayo.

• Icandelo lentsimbi kunye nentsimbi lichaphazeleka kakhulu kule mirhumo emitsha.

• Kufuneka uchaze umthamo wakho kunye nezinto ezikhutshwayo okanye ujongane nezohlwayo.

• Amaxabiso e-EUA anokunyuka ukusuka kwi-€70–75 ngetoni nganye ngo-2025 ukuya malunga ne-€130 ngetoni nganye ngo-2030.

Iiyantlukwano zeXabiso

I-CBM iyatshintsha indlela okhuphisana ngayo kurhwebo lwentsimbi. Inkqubo izama ukwenza izinto zibe nobulungisa phakathi kwe-EU kunye nabavelisi abangengabo abe-EU. Ngoku uhlawula ixabiso lekhabhoni kwintsimbi ethengwa kwamanye amazwe, njengabavelisi be-EU. Oku kunciphisa umsantsa wexabiso phakathi kwentsimbi eyenziwe yi-EU kunye nentsimbi ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Kodwa i-CBAM inokuphinda inyuse iindleko zentsimbi eveliswe yi-EU, enokuthi iyenze ingakhuphisani ngamanye amaxesha. Ezinye iinkampani zisenokucinga ngokuhambisa imveliso yazo ngaphandle kwe-EU ukuphepha iindleko eziphezulu. Oku kunokubangela ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngakumbi kwezinye iindawo zekhonkco lokubonelela.

• I-CBAM igubungela inxalenye enkulu yezinto ezikhutshwayo phantsi kweNkqubo yokuRhweba ngokuKhutshwa kwe-EU.

• Indlela yokusebenza ijongene nomahluko kumaxabiso ekhabhoni phakathi kwe-EU kunye nabavelisi abangengabo abe-EU.

• Kufuneka ujonge utshintsho kwiiyantlukwano zamaxabiso njengoko i-CBM ithatha isiphumo esipheleleyo.

Uyabona ukuba urhwebo lwentsimbi yehlabathi luyatshintsha. Indlela yokulungelelanisa umda wekhabhoni izisa amanyathelo okuthotyelwa okutsha kunye neendleko. Kufuneka ulungelelanise olu tshintsho ukuze uhlale ukhuphisana kurhwebo lwentsimbi.

Impembelelo yoKhuphiswano

I-EU vs

Indawo yokudlala iNqanaba

Uya kubona utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela imarike yentsimbi isebenza ngayo. I-cbam izisa zombini imithetho yokusingqongileyo kunye norhwebo kunye. Ibeka ixabiso lekhabhoni kwintsimbi ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Oku kuthetha ukuba wena kunye nabanye abavelisi abangengabo abe-EU kufuneka nihlawule ikhabhoni kwiimveliso zenu. Abavelisi bentsimbi baseYurophu sele behlawula ukukhutshwa kwabo. Ngoku, ujongene neendleko ezifanayo. Oku kuphelisa ukhuphiswano olungalunganga kwaye kunceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwihlabathi jikelele. I-cbam iqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu ulandela imithetho efanayo. Awukwazi ukuthengisa intsimbi enexabiso eliphantsi ngenxa nje yokuba ungahlawuleli ikhabhoni. Oku kudala imarike enobulungisa kubo bonke.

I-cbam ikwakhusela abavelisi bentsimbi yaseYurophu. Abanaxhala lokuphulukana neshishini kwiinkampani ezingakuhlawuleli ungcoliseko lwazo. Kuya kufuneka ngoku ucinge ngeendleko zakho zekhabhoni ukuba ufuna ukuhlala kurhwebo lwentsimbi yehlabathi.

Imingeni yoMvelisi oPhumayo oPhezulu

Ukuba wenza intsimbi ngokukhutshwa okuphezulu, uya kujongana nemingeni emininzi. Kufuneka ulandelele kwaye uxele idatha yakho yekhabhoni. Oku kufuna ixesha nemali. Kusenokufuneka utshintshe ikhonkco lakho lokubonelela okanye uphucule izixhobo zakho. Nazi ezinye iingxaki onokujamelana nazo:

• Umthwalo wolawulo: Kufuneka wenze amaphepha amaninzi kunye nokunika ingxelo.

• Iingxabano zorhwebo: Amanye amazwe asenokuphikisana ngale mithetho mitsha.

• Ukuphazamiseka kwekhonkco lonikezelo: Unokufuna ukufumana ababoneleli abatsha okanye utshintshe inkqubo yakho.

• Ukungaqiniseki: Amaxabiso ekhabhoni anokutshintsha, okwenza kube nzima ukucwangcisa.

• Iindleko zokuthobela: Kusenokufuneka uchithe imali eninzi kwiinkqubo ezintsha kunye nohlaziyo.

Kwezinye iinkampani, ezi ndleko zinokufikelela kumakhulu amawaka okanye kwizigidi zeeyuro. Ukuba uqhuba ishishini elincinci okanye eliphakathi, ezi ndleko zinokuba nzima kakhulu ukuzilawula.

IGlobal Steel Trade Flows

URhwebo lweNguqulelo

I-cbam iya kutshintsha indlela intsimbi ehamba ngayo kwihlabathi. Abathengi be-EU baya kukhangela ababoneleli abanokunika idatha yekhabhoni ecacileyo. Ukuba awukwazi ukuhlangabezana nemithetho ye-cbam, unokuphulukana nendawo yakho kwimarike ye-EU. Kusenokufuneka uthengise intsimbi yakho kwenye indawo. Amanye amazwe, njenge-UK, aceba ukuqala i-cbam yawo. Oku kunokwenza urhwebo lube nzima ngakumbi. Kufuneka ujonge imithetho emitsha kwezinye iimarike.

• Unokubona ikhonkco lonikezelo litshintshela kumazwe anokukhutshwa okuphantsi.

• Abanye abathengisi bangaphandle banokuyeka ukuthengisa kwi-EU kwaye bajonge abathengi abatsha.

• I cbam kunokukhokelela urhwebo ngakumbi phakathi kwamazwe kunye nemithetho carbon efanayo.

Thumela ngaphandle kweendawo

Uya kuqaphela utshintsho apho intsimbi ihamba khona. Amanye amazwe aya kukufumanisa kunzima ukuthengisa kwi-EU ngenxa yeentlawulo eziphezulu ze-cbam. Abanye banokuba nomtsalane ngakumbi njengabathengisi. Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa indlela i-cbam echaphazela ngayo amazwe ahlukeneyo:

Uyabona ukuba amazwe anokukhutshwa okuphezulu aya kuphulukana nomda wawo kwimarike ye-EU. Amazwe anentsimbi ecocekileyo aya kuba nethuba elingcono. I-cbam iya kulungisa urhwebo lwentsimbi yehlabathi ngokutshintsha othengisayo kunye nokuthenga intsimbi.

Uhlengahlengiso lwekhonkco lonikezelo

IziCwangciso zokuThengisa

Ukufuduswa kweMveliso

Abavelisi bentsimbi bayatshintsha indlela abazifumana ngayo izinto ngenxa ye-cbam. Iinkampani ezininzi ngoku zikhangela iindawo ezinokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni encinci kunye namandla avuselelekayo. Ummandla we-MENA ubalulekile. Imboni yayo yentsimbi isebenzisa iteknoloji ye-Electric Arc Furnace. Oku kwenza i-CO2 encinci kuneendlela zakudala. I-MENA inoovimba berhasi kunye namandla amaninzi elanga. Amazibuko ayo adibanisa eYurophu naseAsia ngokulula. Uninzi lwezixhobo zokusila ze-MENA zenza intsimbi ende. I-eu ithanda intsimbi ecaba ngakumbi. I-CBAM inciphisa urhwebo lwentsimbi ukusuka eChina ukuya eYurophu. Iindleko eziphezulu zenza intsimbi yaseTshayina ingakhuphisani kangako kwi-eu. I-China inokutyala imali kwintsimbi eluhlaza ukuze ihambelane norhwebo lwehlabathi.

• I-MENA inika intsimbi ephantsi kwekhabhoni kunye namakhonkco anamandla athumela ngaphandle.

• I-China ijongene neendleko eziphezulu kwaye kufuneka i-decarbonize ukuze ikhuphisane.

Ukufakwa kweKhabhoni ephantsi

Kufuneka ujonge imfuno yamagalelo ensimbi enekhabhoni ephantsi. Abathengi abaninzi be-eu abafuni ukungenisa ngenxa yokuba iintlawulo ze-cbam azicacanga. Imithetho ayiqinisekanga, ke ukurhweba ukuhanjiswa kuka-2026 kuyacotha. Iimeko zoqoqosho zinciphisa imfuno yentsimbi eluhlaza. Abavelisi bakhetha utshintsho olucothayo endaweni yotyalo-mali olukhulu kwi-low-carbon tech.

'Ukungaqiniseki malunga nebenchmarks kunye namaxabiso angagqibekanga kuye kwacotha ukurhweba kwi-2026 yokuthengisa ngaphandle.

• Imfuno yentsimbi ephantsi kwekhabhoni iyancipha yimithetho engacacanga.

• Uqoqosho olubuthathaka lukhokelela kutyalo-mali olunyamekileyo kwintsimbi eluhlaza.

Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa indlela abavelisi bentsimbi abazitshintsha ngayo iindlela zabo zokunciphisa impembelelo yekhabhoni:

Utyalo-mali lweNsimbi eluhlaza

Ukwamkelwa kweTekhnoloji

Abavelisi abakhulu bentsimbi batyala imali kwitekhnoloji yentsimbi eluhlaza. Iinkampani ezifana neTata Steel zisebenza kunye nabaqalayo ukwenza intsimbi ezinzileyo. I-ThyssenKrupp iqale iqela lemali eyinkunzi ukuze kucuthwe izinto ezikhutshwayo. I-cbam ye-eu ityhala abavelisi ukuba basebenzise iteknoloji yekhabhoni ephantsi. ISebe lezaMandla lase-US linika imali kunye neekhredithi zerhafu kwintsimbi eluhlaza. I-Electric Arc Furnace enamandla ahlaziyekayo isetyenziswa kakhulu. UkuNcitshiswa okuNgqo okuSekwe kwiHydrogen kuvavanywa ziinkampani ezininzi. Ukubanjwa kweKhabhoni, ukuSebenzisa, kunye noGcino kunceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezivela kwiindlela zakudala.

• I-Electric Arc Furnace enamandla ahlaziyekayo iyaguquguquka kwaye ilungele ukurisayikilishwa.

• UkuNcitshiswa okuNgqo okuSekwe kwi-Hydrogen kujolise ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa nzulu.

• Ukubanjwa kweKhabhoni, ukuSetyenziswa, kunye noGcino lwehlisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwa kwiindlela zakudala.

Intsebenziswano kuShishino

Intsebenziswano yoshishino iyakhula ukuxhasa intsimbi eluhlaza. Amaqonga afana ne-UNIDO's Industrial Deep Decarbonisation Initiative kunye ne-SteelZero zidibanisa iinkampani kunye noorhulumente. Intsebenziswano yengingqi phakathi kwamazwe anobungane bemozulu inceda ukurhweba ngentsimbi eluhlaza. Ubambiswano phakathi kwabenzi bentsimbi kunye nabasebenzisi balinganisela iindleko kunye nokugcina amakhonkco okubonelela ngokuzinzileyo.

I-CBAM yenza iinkampani zityala imali kwaye zisebenze kunye ngentsimbi eluhlaza. Umphumo kurhwebo lwentsimbi kunye norhwebo lwehlabathi lucacile. I-Decarbonization ngoku yinjongo ephezulu kubavelisi kunye nabathengi.

Iimpendulo zobuchule kwi-CBAM

Steel Exporter Adaptation

Amanyathelo okuNcitshiswa kweKhabhoni

Kufuneka utshintshe ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yemithetho emitsha ye-cbam. Abathengisi abaninzi bentsimbi ngoku bajonga kwaye babelane ngedatha yokwenyani yokukhupha. Amazinga okuthobela anyuka ngokukhawuleza. Ngo-2023, kuphela yi-11% yabarhwebi abangenisa idatha yokwenyani. Ngo-2025, i-95% yabathengi abakhulu kunye ne-93% yabo bonke abathumeli bangaphandle baya kubelana ngedatha yangempela. Oku kuthetha ukuba abathumeli bangaphandle basebenza nzima ukusika ikhabhoni.

Abathengisi bangaphandle bachitha imali kwitekhnoloji ecocekileyo. Batshintshela kwiindlela ezinekhabhoni ephantsi zokwenza intsimbi. Oku kunceda ukuhlangabezana nemithetho ye-eu kunye nokunciphisa iindleko ze-cbam.

Intsebenziswano

Ukusebenza nezinye iinkampani kunye namaqela kukunceda. Abathengisi bangaphandle bayadibana ukuze babelane ngezimvo ezilungileyo kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni esezantsi. Ujoyina amaqela amashishini kwaye usebenze nabathengi ukwenza amakhonkco okubonelela acace ngakumbi. Ezi ntsebenziswano zikunceda uhlale womelele kwimarike kwaye uphathe utshintsho lwe-cbam.

Ingcebiso: Yenza unxibelelwano oluhle nabathengi kunye nababoneleli. Oku kukunceda ukuba ulandele imithetho kwaye wenze indawo yakho yemarike ibengcono.

Uthethwano loMgaqo-nkqubo noRhwebo

Uthethathethwano lwe-EU

I-eu ithetha kunye namazwe amakhulu ensimbi-athumela ngaphandle malunga ne-cbam. Baxoxa ngokhuseleko, indlela engqongqo ngayo imithetho, nokuba kwenzeka ntoni ngemali. I-eu kunye neIndiya zijolise kwiintetho zobugcisa kunye nokusebenza kunye ukusebenzisa i-cbam kakuhle.

• Abanye bacinga ukuba i-cbam ikhusela

• Kunzima ukulinganisa iinyawo zekhabhoni

• Abantu banenkxalabo malunga nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo imali

• Kukho imfuneko yemithetho ecacileyo nelungileyo

IiNtetho zoRhwebo

Iintetho zorhwebo malunga ne-cbam kunye norhwebo lwentsimbi ziqhubeka. Amazwe asabela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Abanye basebenzisa amaxabiso ekhabhoni kwaye batshintshe imigaqo-nkqubo yabo. Abanye babonakalisa inkcaso encinane okanye bazama ukwenza amaxabiso. Amazwe ambalwa abonisa inkcaso yezopolitiko kuphela.

Ubona izihloko ezibalulekileyo kwiintetho zorhwebo:

Kufuneka unikele ingqalelo kwezi ntetho. Bagqiba ukuba urhwebo lwentsimbi luya kutshintsha njani kwaye i-cbam ichaphazela njani ishishini lakho.

Uyakwazi ukubona i-cbam yenza urhwebo lwentsimbi lwahluke. Kufuneka ulandele imithetho emitsha yokuxela. Kufuneka ugcine umkhondo wezinto ezikhutshwayo. Kananjalo kufuneka utshintshe indlela ozifumana ngayo izixhobo zakho. Iinkampani ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bekhabhoni ephantsi zenza ngcono. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa utshintsho oluphambili:

• Jonga uhlaziyo lwepolisi entsha rhoqo.

• Beka imali kwitekhnoloji eluhlaza ukuze uhlale phambili.

• Urhwebo lwentsimbi luya kuhlala lutshintsha njengoko amazwe efuna iindlela ezicocekileyo zokwenza intsimbi.

FAQ

Iyintoni injongo ephambili ye-CBM yorhwebo lwentsimbi?

I-CBAM ifuna ukwenza urhwebo lwentsimbi lube nobulungisa. Uhlawula ikhabhoni kwintsimbi yakho. Oku kunceda ukuthoba ukukhutshwa kwemveliso yehlabathi kwaye kunqande izithuba zamaxabiso angalunganga phakathi kwe-EU kunye nentsimbi engeyiyo eye-EU.

Uyixela njani into ekhutshwa yikhabhoni ye-CBAM?

Kufuneka uqokelele idatha malunga nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yentsimbi yakho. Uthumela le datha kubarhwebi abavela ngaphandle kwe-EU. Uhlaziya amaxwebhu akho okubonelela ukubonisa ukukhutshwa kwakho ngokucacileyo.

Ngaba i-CBAM iya kwandisa iindleko zakho zokuthumela ngaphandle kwentsimbi?

Ewe, uhlawula umrhumo wekhabhoni ngetoni nganye yentsimbi oyithumela ngaphandle kwi-EU. Lo mrhumo unokutshintsha ngonyaka ngamnye. Kufuneka ucwangcisele iindleko eziphezulu.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba awuyilandeli imithetho ye-CBM?

Ukuba awuyilandeli imithetho ye-CBM, unokujongana nezohlwayo, ukulibaziseka komda, okanye ulahlekelwe ukufikelela kwimarike ye-EU. Kufuneka uxele izinto ezikhutshwayo kwaye uthenge izatifikethi.

Ngaba unokuthoba iindleko zakho ze-CBM?

Unganciphisa iindleko ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokuvelisa ezicocekileyo. Tshintshela kwiziko zombane ze-arc okanye usebenzise intsimbi ehlaziyiweyo. Tyala imali kwitekhnoloji eluhlaza ukuze unciphise ukukhutshwa.

Ngawaphi amazwe azakujongana nezona ntlawulo ziphezulu ze-CBM?

Amazwe akhupha izinto ezikhutshwayo eziphezulu ahlawula ngaphezulu. Abavelisi abacocayo bahlawula kancinci.

Ingaba i-CBM iyichaphazela njani ikhonkco lakho lokubonelela?

Kusenokufuneka ufumane ababoneleli abatsha abakhupha izinto ezikhutshwayo ezisezantsi. Ungatshintsha indawo yakho yemveliso. Kufuneka ulandele idatha yekhabhoni kwinqanaba ngalinye.